Which political ideology, communism or capitalism, better supported independence movements?

Both communism and capitalism have supported independence movements, but the specific ideology often depends on the context of the movement.

Communism has historically been associated with independence movements, particularly in the 20th century. This is largely due to the ideological emphasis on equality and the overthrow of oppressive systems, which often resonates with groups seeking independence. For example, many anti-colonial movements in Africa and Asia during the mid-20th century were influenced by communist ideology. These movements saw communism as a way to resist the capitalist systems imposed by colonial powers and to create a more equitable society. The Vietnamese independence movement led by Ho Chi Minh and the Cuban revolution led by Fidel Castro are notable examples of this trend.

However, it's important to note that the support of communism for independence movements often came with strings attached. The Soviet Union, for example, often provided support to these movements as a way to spread its own influence and to challenge the West during the Cold War. This could lead to a new form of dependence on a powerful foreign nation, which contradicted the goals of independence.

On the other hand, capitalism has also supported independence movements, particularly in the context of economic freedom. Capitalism emphasises individual liberty, private property, and free markets, which can be appealing to groups seeking to break away from oppressive systems. The American Revolution, for instance, was driven in part by the desire for economic independence from Britain. In more recent times, movements for independence within the European Union, such as Brexit, have been driven by a desire for greater economic sovereignty.

However, like communism, capitalism's support for independence movements can also come with drawbacks. The emphasis on free markets and competition can lead to economic inequality and exploitation, which can undermine the goals of independence. Furthermore, capitalist nations may support independence movements for their own economic interests, such as gaining access to resources or markets, rather than out of a genuine commitment to self-determination.

In conclusion, both communism and capitalism have supported independence movements, but the specific ideology often depends on the context of the movement. Both ideologies come with their own benefits and drawbacks, and the success of an independence movement often depends on a variety of factors beyond ideology alone.