How do definitions of peace vary across cultures?

Peace definitions vary across cultures, reflecting differences in societal values, historical experiences, and philosophical beliefs.

In Western cultures, peace is often defined in a negative sense, as the absence of war or conflict. This is known as 'negative peace'. It is a concept deeply rooted in the political and philosophical traditions of the West, where peace is seen as a state to be achieved by avoiding or ending wars. This perspective is influenced by historical experiences of devastating wars and conflicts, such as the World Wars and the Cold War, which have shaped Western societies' understanding of peace as a state of non-aggression and non-violence.

In contrast, many Eastern and Indigenous cultures define peace in a more positive sense, as a state of harmony, balance, and interconnectedness. This is known as 'positive peace'. For example, in Buddhism, peace (Shanti) is seen as a state of inner tranquillity and harmony with the world. Similarly, in many Indigenous cultures, peace is understood as a holistic state of well-being and harmony with nature and other beings. These perspectives reflect the philosophical and spiritual traditions of these cultures, which emphasise interconnectedness, balance, and respect for all life.

In Islamic culture, peace (Salam) is seen as a divine attribute and a state of spiritual and social well-being. It is achieved through justice, compassion, and respect for human dignity. This perspective reflects the ethical and spiritual teachings of Islam, which emphasise justice, compassion, and respect for human dignity as essential elements of peace.

In African cultures, peace is often understood in a communal and relational sense. It is seen as a state of harmonious relationships within the community and with the ancestors and the natural world. This perspective reflects the communal and ancestral values of many African cultures, which emphasise the importance of harmonious relationships and respect for the community, the ancestors, and the natural world in achieving peace.

In conclusion, the definition of peace varies greatly across cultures, reflecting differences in societal values, historical experiences, and philosophical beliefs. Understanding these cultural variations is crucial for promoting peace in a diverse and interconnected world.