How do global political theories explain the Israel-Palestine conflict?

Global political theories explain the Israel-Palestine conflict through lenses of realism, liberalism, and constructivism.

Realism, a dominant theory in international relations, views the Israel-Palestine conflict as a struggle for power and security. Realists argue that states are the primary actors in global politics and they act in their own self-interest to ensure their survival. In the context of Israel-Palestine, this means that both sides are driven by the desire to secure their own statehood and territorial integrity. Israel, with its superior military power, is seen as trying to maintain its security and dominance, while Palestine, with less power, is striving for recognition and survival. The conflict is thus a manifestation of the anarchic nature of the international system, where power and security are the main drivers of state behaviour.

Liberalism, on the other hand, emphasises the role of international institutions, democracy, and human rights in global politics. Liberals argue that the Israel-Palestine conflict is perpetuated by the lack of democratic institutions and respect for human rights. They believe that a solution could be found through international cooperation, dialogue, and the promotion of democratic values. The failure of peace processes, in this view, is due to the lack of commitment to democratic principles and human rights by both sides, and the inability of international institutions to enforce these principles.

Constructivism, a more recent theory in international relations, focuses on the role of ideas, norms, and identities in shaping state behaviour. Constructivists argue that the Israel-Palestine conflict is deeply rooted in the conflicting national identities and narratives of the two sides. The conflict is not just about territory or power, but about the right to exist as a nation. The struggle is thus a battle of narratives, with each side trying to assert its own version of history and identity. The role of international community, in this view, is to help reshape these narratives and identities in a way that promotes peace and reconciliation.

IB Global Politics Tutor Summary: Global political theories—realism, liberalism, and constructivism—each offer a unique perspective on the Israel-Palestine conflict. Realism views it as a power struggle; liberalism highlights the role of democracy and human rights; and constructivism focuses on conflicting identities and narratives. Understanding these theories helps explain the deep-rooted nature and complexity of the conflict.