Describe the impact of priming on cognitive responses.

Priming influences cognitive responses by subtly shaping our thoughts and behaviours based on prior stimuli.

Priming is a psychological phenomenon where exposure to one stimulus influences the response to a subsequent stimulus. This concept is rooted in the associative network model of memory, which suggests that ideas in our mind are connected, and activating one idea can trigger related ideas. Essentially, priming works by activating an association or representation in memory just before another stimulus or task is introduced.

For instance, if a person reads a list of words including the word 'table', and is later asked to complete a word starting with 'tab', the probability that they will answer 'table' is greater than if they are not primed. The initial 'priming' word serves to guide or direct subsequent thoughts or behaviours.

Priming can occur in various forms, such as perceptual, semantic, or associative priming. Perceptual priming is based on the form of the stimulus, for example, recognising a word faster when it's presented in the same case as before. Semantic priming, on the other hand, involves meanings or concepts. For instance, you're quicker to recognise the word 'nurse' after seeing the word 'doctor'. Associative priming, meanwhile, is based on the relationship between two stimuli, like 'peanut butter' and 'jelly'.

The impact of priming on cognitive responses is significant. It can affect decision-making, perception, and social behaviour. For example, research has shown that priming can make people more likely to perceive ambiguous information in a way that is consistent with the primed concept. It can also influence how we interpret and respond to social situations.

However, it's important to note that the effects of priming are typically short-lived and depend on the individual's attention and awareness. If the primed stimulus is not attended to or if the individual is not aware of the priming, the effect may not occur.

In conclusion, priming plays a crucial role in shaping our cognitive responses. It subtly guides our thoughts and behaviours, influencing our perceptions, interpretations, and actions. Understanding the concept of priming can provide valuable insights into how our minds work and how our experiences and environment shape our cognitive processes.