How do group norms influence individual behaviour?

Group norms significantly influence individual behaviour by shaping their attitudes, beliefs, and actions to align with the group's expectations.

Group norms are the shared expectations and rules that guide the behaviour of individuals within a group. They are a powerful force that can significantly influence an individual's behaviour. This is because humans are inherently social creatures who have a strong desire to belong and be accepted by their peers. As a result, they often conform to group norms, even if these norms contradict their personal beliefs or values.

The influence of group norms on individual behaviour can be seen in various social contexts. For instance, in a school setting, students may adopt certain behaviours, such as wearing particular clothing or using specific slang, to fit in with their peer group. Similarly, in a workplace, employees may conform to the norms of punctuality and professionalism to maintain their standing within the organisation.

Experiments like Asch's Conformity Study demonstrate how individuals often yield to group pressure, altering their perceptions or decisions even when group norms are at odds with their personal views.

The process of socialisation also plays a crucial role in how group norms influence individual behaviour. Through socialisation, individuals learn the norms of their group and internalise them as their own. This internalisation can be so profound that individuals may not even realise they are conforming to group norms. Instead, they may perceive their behaviour as a natural and independent choice.

Moreover, group norms can influence individual behaviour through the mechanisms of rewards and punishments. Groups often reward conformity and punish deviance, which can motivate individuals to align their behaviour with group norms. For example, a person who conforms to the norms of their social group may receive social approval and acceptance, while a person who deviates from these norms may face social rejection or ostracism.

However, it's important to note that the influence of group norms on individual behaviour can vary depending on several factors. These include the individual's personality, the strength of their desire to belong, and the perceived importance of the group. For instance, individuals with a high need for social approval are more likely to conform to group norms than those with a low need for approval.

Situations like groupthink and polarisation also highlight how strong adherence to group norms can suppress dissent and lead to less optimal decision-making outcomes. Additionally, the influence of group norms can differ significantly across cultures, as discussed in the notes on cultural variations in behaviour.

IB Psychology Tutor Summary: Group norms are rules that guide how we behave in social groups, and they greatly influence our actions and beliefs to fit in with others. We often adopt these norms through socialisation, wanting to be accepted, and the rewards or punishments that come from following or not following these norms. The impact varies based on personal traits and the importance of the group to us.