The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was one of the most successful and popular programs of the New Deal. Established in 1933, its primary purpose was to provide employment for young men who were severely affected by the Great Depression. Participants worked on various conservation projects, including reforestation, park development, and erosion control. The CCC not only helped alleviate unemployment but also played a vital role in the conservation and development of the nation's natural resources. The program had a significant impact on the environment, planting over three billion trees and establishing trails and shelters in more than 800 parks nationwide. Its success demonstrated the potential of government-sponsored work programs in both economic recovery and environmental conservation.

The New Deal significantly transformed the American financial system, particularly with banking and finance reforms. Key legislation like the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 reformed the banking system by separating commercial and investment banking, reducing the risk of speculative investments leading to bank failures. This act also created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), which insured bank deposits, restoring public confidence in the banking system. Additionally, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 regulated the stock market, curbing excessive speculation and requiring companies to provide truthful information about their financial health. These reforms stabilised the banking sector and laid the foundation for a more regulated and secure financial system.

The Second New Deal, introduced between 1935 and 1938, differed from the First New Deal by shifting focus from economic recovery to long-term reforms and social welfare. While the First New Deal concentrated on immediate relief and financial stability through programs like the NRA and PWA, the Second New Deal introduced more radical and enduring reforms. Key policies included the Social Security Act, which provided pensions for the elderly and a system of unemployment insurance, and the Wagner Act, which strengthened labour rights and encouraged unionisation. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was also a hallmark of the Second New Deal, creating jobs in a broader range of sectors, including arts and culture. These policies reflected a deeper commitment to reshaping the socio-economic fabric of the United States, aiming to provide security and equality for all citizens.

The Public Works Administration (PWA) was a major component of Roosevelt's New Deal, launched as part of the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933. Its primary role was to stimulate the economy through large-scale public works projects, which included constructing schools, hospitals, bridges, and other infrastructure. The PWA aimed to alleviate unemployment by providing jobs in construction and related industries, thereby injecting money into the economy. It also focused on improving the nation's infrastructure, which was crucial for long-term economic growth. The PWA was one of the largest New Deal agencies and set a precedent for future federal involvement in large-scale infrastructure projects.

The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), enacted in 1933, was a cornerstone of the New Deal's strategy for economic recovery. It aimed to stabilise the economy by eliminating unfair competition among industries. NIRA established the National Recovery Administration (NRA), which worked with industries to create fair practice codes, setting standards for prices, production, worker rights, and trade practices. By promoting industrial cooperation and fair wages, NIRA sought to increase purchasing power and reduce unemployment. However, the Act faced criticism for potentially fostering monopolies and overregulating businesses. In 1935, the Supreme Court declared NIRA unconstitutional, highlighting the challenges of implementing wide-scale economic reforms.