1. European Option: Modern Europe, 1750–19211.1 France, 1774–18141.2 The Industrial Revolution in Britain, 1750–18501.3 Liberalism and Nationalism in Germany, 1815–711.4 The Russian Revolution, 1894–19212. The American Option: History of the USA, 1820–19412.1 The Origins of the Civil War, 1820–612.2 Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861–772.3 The Gilded Age and Progressive Era, 1870s to 19202.4 The Great Crash, the Great Depression, and the New Deal, 1920–413. International Option: International History, 1870–19453.1 Empire and the Emergence of World Powers, 1870–19193.2 The League of Nations and International Relations, 1920s3.3 The League of Nations and International Relations, 1930s3.4 China and Japan, 1912–454. The Origins of the First World War (A Level)4.1 Pre-War Tensions and Crises4.2 Path to War4.3 Historiographical Debates5. The Holocaust (A Level)5.1 Roots of the Holocaust5.2 War and the Radicalization of Nazi Policy5.3 Reactions to the Holocaust5.4 Historiographical Debates on the Holocaust6. The Origins and Development of the Cold War (A Level)6.1 Early Tensions and Peace-making6.2 Division of Europe and Rising Tensions6.3 Flashpoints and Confrontations6.4 Cold War Historiography7. European Option: European History in the Interwar Years, 1919–41 (A Level)7.1 Mussolini’s Italy, 1919–417.2 Stalin’s Russia, 1924–417.3 Hitler’s Germany, 1929–417.4 Britain, 1919–398. American Option, Depth Study 2: The USA, 1944–92 (A Level)8.1 The late 1940s and 1950s8.2 The 1960s and the 1970s8.3 The 1980s and early 1990s8.4 Foreign policy 1944–929. International Option, Depth Study 3: International History, 1945–92 (A Level)9.1 US–Soviet Relations During the Cold War, 1950–919.2 Spread of Communism in Asia9.3 Decolonisation in Africa9.4 Conflict in the Middle East