A static array might be chosen over an ArrayList in Java when the size of the collection is known in advance and will not change, thus avoiding the overhead associated with the dynamic nature of an ArrayList. Static arrays occupy less memory compared to ArrayLists because ArrayLists maintain extra capacity for potential growth. Additionally, static arrays can offer performance advantages, as access to an array element is a constant time operation. In situations where memory footprint and performance are critical, and the data size is fixed, static arrays are often the preferred choice.

A while loop can be converted to a for loop by incorporating the initialisation, condition, and increment/decrement expressions used in the while loop into the for loop's syntax. The initialisation is placed before the first semicolon in the for loop, the condition is placed between the first and second semicolons, and the increment/decrement expression is placed after the second semicolon. The body of the for loop remains the same as the while loop. The transformation requires careful analysis to ensure that all expressions are correctly positioned so that the for loop replicates the behaviour of the while loop exactly.

A for-each loop cannot be used to modify the elements of an array directly because it iterates over a copy of the array element, not the element itself. Therefore, any changes made are to the copy and not to the array. If modifications are required, a traditional for loop must be used, allowing access to elements via their indices, which can then be used to update the array directly. The for-each loop is ideal for iterating over collections when you do not need to modify the underlying array or when you need to perform operations on the elements without altering them.

The `break` and `continue` statements in loops alter the normal flow of control within iteration structures. The `break` statement immediately exits the loop, and no further iterations are executed. It is typically used to terminate a loop prematurely when a certain condition is met. Conversely, the `continue` statement skips the current iteration and proceeds to the next iteration of the loop. This can be used to avoid executing certain parts of the loop when a specific condition is true but without terminating the loop entirely. Both statements enhance control over the loop's execution, allowing more complex behaviours to be implemented efficiently.

To prevent a for loop from becoming infinite, you must ensure that the loop's termination condition will eventually be met. This involves correctly initialising the loop variable, setting a proper termination condition, and ensuring that the loop variable is modified in such a way that it will cause the termination condition to be true after a finite number of iterations. In addition, it is crucial to avoid any code inside the loop that might inadvertently reset the loop variable or alter its progression towards the termination condition. Properly commenting and reviewing the loop's logic can also help prevent infinite loops by making the intended behaviour clear.