The psychological traumas resulting from the genocide were profound, affecting survivors and the next generation alike. The global community, recognising the magnitude of this challenge, provided aid in multiple ways. International NGOs and UN agencies brought in trauma counselling experts, set up counselling centres, and trained local professionals to deal with PTSD and related disorders. Initiatives were undertaken to specifically aid children, many of whom were orphans or had witnessed unspeakable violence. Support was also extended to women who were victims of war rape. Continuous workshops, community support groups, and therapy sessions were integral components of these international efforts to address the deep-seated traumas.

Rwanda's approach to post-genocide justice, especially the use of Gacaca courts, received global attention. These community-based courts, which combined traditional justice mechanisms with modern judicial elements, offered a unique solution to a system overwhelmed by the sheer number of cases. This grassroots approach to justice emphasised reconciliation and community healing over retribution. As a result, nations dealing with post-conflict scenarios, especially those in Africa, began to consider the Rwandan model. The emphasis on community participation, truth-telling, and reintegration offered valuable lessons for countries aiming for restorative justice rather than purely punitive measures, thereby promoting long-term peace and community cohesion.

Yes, reintegration of former militia members was a complex but necessary task for Rwanda's long-term stability. The Rwandan government initiated "re-education" camps to facilitate this. Former fighters, upon their return, would be placed in these camps, where they underwent courses on Rwandan history, the consequences of the genocide, and the importance of national unity. The objective was to reshape their ideologies and ensure they could safely reintegrate into society. Additionally, some members of militia groups who confessed their crimes and showed remorse had the chance to face community-based Gacaca courts, allowing them to serve shorter sentences or perform community service as part of their reconciliation efforts.

Land disputes became a significant issue as refugees started returning to Rwanda, often to find their properties occupied by others. The Rwandan government took various measures to address this. Initially, they encouraged amicable resolutions through dialogue and community interventions. Later, they instituted formal land reforms, including the 2005 Land Policy and the 2013 Land Law. These reforms aimed to offer clearer land rights, land registration, and tenure regularisation. The government also set up local arbitration committees to mediate disputes, ensuring that resolutions were found without resorting to the court system, thereby promoting community cohesion and facilitating reintegration.

The scale of the cholera outbreak in the refugee camps, especially in areas like Goma in Zaire, was staggering. Tens of thousands succumbed to the disease within a few weeks. The combination of a high concentration of people, limited access to clean water, and unsanitary conditions created an environment ripe for the rapid spread of cholera. In response, the international community mobilised urgently. NGOs, United Nations agencies, and various governments supplied medical aid, clean water, and sanitation facilities. Organisations like Médecins Sans Frontières played pivotal roles in medical interventions, providing treatments and trying to curb the spread of the disease.