Yes, the Great Depression had lasting effects on Latin American art and culture. The period saw the emergence of artistic movements that reflected the social and political turmoil of the times. For example, in Mexico, the Muralist movement led by artists like Diego Rivera used public spaces to create art that depicted social issues, including the struggles of the working class and the critique of capitalism, which had been blamed for the economic crisis. Moreover, the period also gave rise to 'Nueva Canción', a genre of music in South America that blended traditional folk music with lyrics of social protest. The Great Depression's impact thus extended beyond economic policies, influencing cultural expressions that underscored social unity and critique of the prevailing socio-economic system.

Indigenous populations across Latin America were severely affected by the Great Depression. These communities were often economically marginalised even before the Depression and heavily dependent on local resources for subsistence. The economic downturn resulted in a reduction of demand for goods produced by indigenous communities, further impoverishing them. Moreover, as governments focused on national economic recovery, policies often favoured urban and mestizo populations, exacerbating socio-economic disparities. In some regions, this meant the dispossession of indigenous lands for state-led development projects or to encourage foreign investment, leading to displacement and cultural erosion. The Depression amplified the vulnerabilities of indigenous populations and highlighted the stark inequalities in Latin American societies.

The environmental impacts of the Great Depression in Latin America were pronounced in the agricultural sector. As commodity prices plummeted, farmers intensified their use of land to maintain incomes, often leading to soil depletion and erosion. In the quest for economic survival, practices such as deforestation increased to expand arable land, significantly impacting local ecosystems. Additionally, the push for diversification of agriculture to mitigate the effects of the Depression sometimes led to the introduction of non-native crops, altering soil composition and local biodiversity. These practices had long-term environmental consequences, contributing to issues such as reduced agricultural productivity and increased vulnerability to natural disasters.

The Great Depression significantly influenced gender roles and family structures in Latin America. Economic hardships forced many women to enter the workforce for the first time to support their families, despite prevailing social norms that favored male breadwinners. This increased participation in both formal and informal sectors led to a gradual shift in traditional gender roles. Furthermore, the strain on family resources often resulted in smaller family sizes and delayed marriages. Economic necessity also led to the expansion of the informal economy, where many women found work. Over time, these changes began to challenge the traditional patriarchal structure, slowly transforming societal views on gender and family roles.

In Latin American countries with large Afro-descendant populations, responses to the Great Depression often reflected entrenched racial inequalities. Afro-descendant populations typically occupied the lowest socio-economic strata, working in precarious conditions. The economic crisis exacerbated these conditions, resulting in higher levels of unemployment and underemployment among these communities. In some countries, like Brazil, the government's push for modernisation and industrialisation as a response to the Depression often sidelined the needs of Afro-descendants, who were predominantly employed in rural areas or informal sectors. However, the period also saw some Afro-descendant leaders leveraging the crisis to push for better labour rights and anti-discrimination laws, though progress was slow and often met with resistance.