Technological advancements played a notable role in the Christian opposition to Muslim states in Spain. During the medieval period, military technology was a crucial factor in warfare. Christians adopted and adapted various technologies from the Muslim world, including improvements in siege warfare, such as the use of trebuchets and battering rams. Advances in navigation and shipbuilding, influenced by Muslim knowledge, were critical in naval battles and blockades. Armour and weapon technologies also evolved, with crossbows and better steel for swords being notable examples. These technological advancements enabled Christian forces to conduct more effective military campaigns and sieges, contributing significantly to their success against Muslim states.

The economic structures of Muslim states in Spain, notably their control over prosperous trade routes and markets, significantly impacted their relations with Christian kingdoms. Muslim states were economically advanced, with well-established trade networks in the Mediterranean, engaging in the trade of luxury goods like silk, spices, and gold. This economic prosperity made them attractive targets for Christian kingdoms, who sought not only to reclaim territories but also to gain control of these lucrative economic resources. The competition for trade and economic dominance thus became a key factor in the relationship between Muslim and Christian states, often exacerbating tensions and fuelling military conflicts.

The Reconquista profoundly influenced the internal politics of Christian kingdoms in Spain. It served as a unifying force, rallying various Christian kingdoms against a common Muslim enemy. This unity, however, was often fragile and punctuated by internal rivalries and power struggles. Successful campaigns against Muslim states bolstered the power and legitimacy of Christian monarchs, helping them consolidate control over their realms. Additionally, the redistribution of conquered lands to nobles and military leaders following victories played a significant role in shaping the feudal hierarchy and power dynamics within these kingdoms. The Reconquista also impacted succession politics, with alliances and marriages being strategically used to strengthen positions against Muslim states.

Cultural differences played a nuanced role in the Christian opposition to Muslim states in Spain. While religious and linguistic differences were evident, the cultural exchanges between Christians and Muslims during periods of coexistence (Convivencia) also shaped attitudes. Christians admired Muslim advancements in science, philosophy, and the arts, yet these cultural differences often reinforced the perception of Muslims as 'the other.' The contrast in cultural practices, particularly in areas like architecture, literature, and daily customs, was sometimes used to justify the Christian opposition, promoting the idea of reclaiming a lost Christian heritage. However, the mutual influence in culture also led to a complex relationship where admiration coexisted with opposition.

The social structure of Christian kingdoms in Spain, characterized by feudalism, significantly influenced their opposition to Muslim states. Feudalism, with its emphasis on land ownership and military service, motivated nobles and knights to participate in campaigns against Muslims to gain lands and prestige. The Christian monarchy, seeking to consolidate power and territorial control, often granted lands to nobles and knights who participated in these campaigns. This structure created a societal framework where military success against Muslims directly translated into social and economic advancement. Additionally, the Church, an integral part of this social hierarchy, provided religious justification for these campaigns, further entrenching the opposition to Muslim states within the social and political fabric of Christian kingdoms.