Louis XI's economic policies, particularly those aimed at centralising control and favouring mercantilism, had a mixed impact on the French peasantry. On one hand, these policies contributed to the development of a more modern economy, which could offer some benefits to peasants, such as increased market opportunities for their produce. However, these policies also led to increased taxation and the imposition of royal monopolies, which often burdened the peasantry. The shift in economic focus also meant that less attention was given to the agrarian sector, potentially leading to neglect of peasant interests. Overall, while Louis XI's policies were instrumental in strengthening the French economy and the monarchy, they also exacerbated the divide between the peasantry and the ruling classes, sowing seeds of discontent that would have ramifications in later centuries.

The concept of the divine right of kings had a profound influence on the monarchy in 15th-century England and France, shaping the way monarchs justified and exercised their authority. This doctrine held that the king was appointed by and answerable only to God, not to his subjects. In England, this concept was used to legitimise the rule of the Tudor dynasty following the Wars of the Roses. Monarchs like Henry VII used the divine right as a means to reinforce their authority and suppress opposition, claiming a God-given right to rule. In France, Louis XI also employed this idea to strengthen his position against the nobility. By asserting their divine right, both English and French monarchs in the 15th century sought to elevate their status above all earthly authority, thereby justifying their efforts to centralise power and diminish the influence of the nobility.

The outcome of the Wars of the Roses had a significant impact on the English Parliament. The ascent of the Tudor dynasty, beginning with Henry VII, marked a shift towards a more centralised form of governance. The Tudor monarchs, seeking stability after years of dynastic conflict, began to use Parliament more effectively as a tool of governance. Henry VII, in particular, used Parliament to pass laws that strengthened royal authority and curbed the powers of the nobility. This period saw the rise of the 'King-in-Parliament' concept, where the monarch's will was expressed through parliamentary statutes. However, the Tudors also controlled Parliament to ensure it did not become a source of opposition. Thus, the Wars of the Roses indirectly led to an increase in the importance of Parliament in governance, albeit under the firm control of the monarchy.

Foreign alliances played a crucial role in the Wars of the Roses, influencing the course and outcome of the conflict. Both the Lancastrians and Yorkists sought alliances with foreign powers to bolster their positions. The Lancastrians, for instance, received support from France and Scotland, whereas the Yorkists were often backed by Burgundy. These foreign alliances were instrumental in providing military and financial support. For example, the Burgundian support for Edward IV was critical in his return to power in 1471. These external influences not only prolonged the conflict but also added a dimension of international politics to what was essentially a domestic dynastic dispute. The involvement of foreign powers in the Wars of the Roses thus reflects the interconnected nature of European politics during the late medieval period.

The rise of mercantilism in 15th-century France had a significant impact on the monarchy, particularly under the reign of Louis XI. Mercantilism, with its emphasis on trade and accumulation of wealth, led to a shift in the monarchy's economic policies towards centralisation and control over commerce. Louis XI's focus on developing a strong, centralised state was partly driven by the need to control economic resources and trade routes. This shift had a profound effect on the relationship between the monarchy and the nobility, as the monarchy sought to diminish the feudal lords' economic power, which traditionally came from their control over land. By fostering the growth of a merchant class and centralising economic activities, the monarchy under Louis XI was able to consolidate power and reduce the economic influence of the nobility, further strengthening royal authority.