The quantisation of charge, as evidenced by Millikan’s oil drop experiment, was fundamental in advancing atomic theory. By establishing that electric charge occurs in discrete, quantised units, it provided conclusive evidence of the existence of electrons as distinct, quantised entities. This revelation supported the emerging atomic model of the time, where atoms were envisioned as comprising a nucleus surrounded by electrons. The quantisation principle cemented the electron’s role in atomic structure, influencing subsequent developments in quantum mechanics and the detailed understanding of atomic and subatomic phenomena.

The conservation of electric charge is akin to the law of conservation of energy, in that both uphold the constancy of their respective quantities in an isolated system. In the realm of electric charge, this principle ensures that charge is neither created nor destroyed. This mirrors the conservation of energy, where the total energy in a closed system remains constant. Both principles are integral to the predictability and consistency of physical and chemical processes, underpinning the foundational stability and orderliness observed in natural phenomena and experimental settings.

Electrostatic induction results in a temporary redistribution of charges within a neutral object when it's influenced by a nearby charged object, leading to a polarisation of charges but not a net transfer of charge. To make the induced charge permanent, a grounding wire can be used to allow free electrons to leave or enter the object, establishing a net charge. Once the grounding wire is removed, the object remains charged, having gained or lost electrons during the grounding process, resulting in a permanent induced charge that remains even after the influencing charge is removed.

The triboelectric series is a list that ranks various materials according to their tendency to gain or lose electrons through contact or friction. It plays a significant role in determining the nature and magnitude of charge transferred. Materials higher on the series tend to lose electrons, becoming positively charged, while those lower on the series gain electrons, leading to a negative charge. Understanding this series aids in predicting outcomes of interactions between different materials, essential in applications like material science and electrical engineering, where controlling and predicting charge transfer is pivotal.

Grounding plays a crucial role in protecting electronic devices during lightning strikes. Lightning, a massive discharge of static electricity, seeks the path of least resistance to the ground. In a grounded electrical system, the excess charge from a lightning strike is safely diverted into the Earth, bypassing the internal circuitry of connected electronic devices. Without grounding, the charge would traverse through electrical circuits, potentially causing severe damage. The implementation of grounding in building infrastructure and electronic devices is thus a critical safety and protective measure, especially in regions prone to thunderstorms and lightning.