In real-world scenarios, the induced emf does not exactly cancel out the change in magnetic flux due to inherent resistances and imperfections in materials and systems. Every conductor has some resistance, leading to energy losses in the form of heat as the induced current flows. Also, electromagnetic fields radiate energy into surrounding space. These energy losses ensure that the induced emf and magnetic field generated are not potent enough to precisely nullify the change in magnetic flux, but they do serve to significantly oppose and mitigate those changes, upholding the spirit of energy conservation.

The magnitude of the induced emf according to Lenz’s law is primarily constrained by the rate of change of magnetic flux and the coil’s physical and electrical characteristics. In high-speed applications like turbines and generators, as the speed increases, the rate of change of magnetic flux increases, leading to a higher induced emf. However, practical limits arise due to the heating effects of induced currents, mechanical stresses, and material limitations. Thus, while Lenz’s law doesn’t stipulate a strict ‘limit’, real-world constraints and the need for system efficiency and safety impose practical boundaries on the induced emf.

Electromagnetic braking in electric vehicles and trains is a direct application of Lenz’s law. When the vehicle needs to slow down, the wheels or axles are made to turn a coil within a magnetic field. As the coil turns, it changes the magnetic flux through itself. Lenz’s law dictates that an emf will be induced in a direction that opposes this change. The induced emf generates a magnetic field that opposes the original magnetic field, creating a force that opposes the coil’s motion, thus slowing down the vehicle. Energy is conserved as the kinetic energy of the vehicle is converted into electrical energy.

Yes, Lenz’s law can still be applied in systems with non-uniform magnetic fields or where external factors are at play. The law fundamentally addresses the direction of the induced emf in response to a change in magnetic flux, irrespective of the magnetic field's uniformity or additional external influences. However, in non-uniform fields, calculating the induced emf and resultant currents becomes more complex. Each segment of the conductor experiences a different magnetic field strength, requiring integral calculus to derive accurate values of induced emf and current, while still adhering to Lenz's law principles.

Lenz's law plays a crucial role in explaining the damping effect in oscillating systems immersed in a magnetic field. As the pendulum swings, it changes the magnetic flux through its path. According to Lenz's law, this change induces an emf and, consequently, a current in a direction opposing the change in flux. This induced current generates a magnetic field opposing the pendulum’s motion, exerting a force that decelerates the pendulum. The kinetic energy of the pendulum is thus converted into electrical energy, leading to a gradual reduction in the amplitude of oscillation, demonstrating energy conservation.