Evaluate the role of key figures like Cardinal Wolsey during the Tudor era.

Cardinal Wolsey played a significant role during the Tudor era, serving as a key advisor to Henry VIII and influencing major political decisions.

Cardinal Thomas Wolsey was a prominent figure during the Tudor era, particularly during the reign of King Henry VIII. He rose from humble beginnings to become one of the most powerful men in England, serving as both the Lord Chancellor and the Cardinal Archbishop of York. His influence was so great that he was often referred to as 'alter rex' (the other king), reflecting his significant role in the Tudor court.

Wolsey's role was multifaceted. He was a key advisor to Henry VIII, helping to shape the king's policies and decisions. He was instrumental in organising the Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520, a grand diplomatic summit between England and France designed to improve relations between the two countries. Wolsey also played a crucial role in the negotiations of the Treaty of London in 1518, a non-aggression pact between the major European powers.

In addition to his diplomatic efforts, Wolsey was also responsible for significant domestic reforms. He sought to modernise the legal system, establishing the Court of Star Chamber to deal with cases involving the nobility and increasing the use of English law over traditional feudal law. He also implemented financial reforms, introducing a more progressive taxation system and attempting to curb the power of the nobility.

However, Wolsey's influence was not without controversy. His attempts to secure an annulment for Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon ultimately failed, leading to his downfall. His extravagant lifestyle and perceived abuse of power also made him unpopular with many, contributing to his eventual arrest and death.

In conclusion, Cardinal Wolsey was a key figure during the Tudor era, shaping both foreign and domestic policy during the reign of Henry VIII. His influence was significant, but his actions were often divisive, leading to his eventual downfall. Despite this, his impact on the Tudor court and the wider political landscape of the time cannot be underestimated.