A-Level Geography: A Complete Guide

A-Level Geography: A Complete Guide

10 min Read|February 17 2024
|Written by:

Dr Rahil Sachak-Patwa

Contents

Thinking about taking A-Level Geography? You're not alone. A-Level Geography is an exciting subject that looks at both the physical world and human societies. It helps us understand how the Earth's landscapes, cities, and climates work. But what does studying Geography really involve, and is it the right choice for you? Is Geography A-Level hard, or is it a chance to learn more about our planet and how we live on it? In this guide, we'll take a closer look at what A-Level Geography covers, from rivers and volcanoes to cities and economies, and help you decide if it's the right subject for you.

What is Geography A-Level about?

A-Level Geography is an in-depth study that bridges the gap between the natural world and human societies. It's designed to equip students with a broad understanding of the Earth's processes, landscapes, and the environmental and societal challenges we face. It's a dynamic field that analyses and interprets the world in a way that is relevant to our current global issues.

  • Physical Geography: Focuses on natural landscapes, processes, and phenomena. Think about why and how features like mountains, rivers, and climates shape our world.
  • Human Geography: Examines the relationship between people and the environment. It delves into urban development, cultural patterns, and economic dynamics.
  • Geographical Skills: Involves data interpretation, statistical analysis, and fieldwork, providing practical skills alongside theoretical knowledge.

Here is what an expert A-Level Geography tutor has to say:

"2023 compared to 2020 showed an increase of approximately 27% in the number of students choosing geography as a subject in their A-Level journery. This subject can open doors for students who want to pursue careers like environmental management, urban planning, GIS, and sustainability."

Experts in the field argue that studying Geography provides students with a unique perspective on world issues, from climate change to urbanisation, enabling them to understand and contribute to solutions in a meaningful way. With an emphasis on analytical skills, problem-solving, and critical thinking, Geography A-Level prepares students for a wide range of future paths, both academically and professionally.

Number of students who took A-Level Geography exams in the past 10 years

Graph showing number of students who took A-Level Geography exams in the past 10 years in the UK

Is Geography A-Level hard?

The question of whether Geography A-Level is hard can be subjective, as it depends on individual strengths and interests. However, it is a subject that requires a blend of skills, including analytical thinking, essay writing, and data interpretation. According to a survey performed by TutorChase, educators and students ranked it as number 10 in the list of hardest A-Levels.

  • Diverse Content: Students must grasp both physical and human geography, each with its own theories and data.
  • Skills-Based Assessments: Beyond memorising facts, students need to analyse, evaluate, and apply geographical concepts to real-world scenarios.
  • Coursework and Fieldwork: Practical assessments require independent research and data collection, challenging students to apply what they've learned outside the classroom.

YearA*ABCDEU
20195.2%18.1%29.3%26.6%14.8%4.7%1.3%
202011.7%24.4%29.1%23.6%9%2.1%0.1%
202115.5%25.6%27.6%20.2%8.2%2.7%0.2%
202211%22.1%30.6%21.8%10%3.4%1.1%
20235.8%17.8%29.6%25.7%14%5.2%1.9%

Table showing A-level Geography grades distribution

Despite these challenges, many find Geography A-Level rewarding due to its relevance to current global issues and the practical skills it develops. Educational experts suggest that with the right approach and study habits, students can excel in Geography, making it a worthwhile option for those interested in understanding and addressing the complexities of our world.

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What concepts are in A-Level Geography?

A-Level Geography covers a wide array of concepts designed to provide students with a holistic understanding of our planet and its societies. The syllabus is carefully structured to balance physical and human geography, ensuring a comprehensive exploration of Earth's systems and human interactions with the environment.

Physical Geography Concepts:

  • The Earth’s dynamics, including tectonic processes, weathering, and climate systems.
  • Ecosystems and biodiversity, focusing on their development, significance, and conservation.
  • Water and carbon cycles are vital to understanding environmental sustainability.

Human Geography Concepts:

  • Population dynamics and urbanisation, analysing patterns, trends, and the implications for cities worldwide.
  • Economic geography, including globalisation, trade, and development issues.
  • Environmental challenges, considering human impact on the planet and strategies for sustainable management.

CIE A-Level Geography Syllabus

The CIE A-Level Geography syllabus delves into physical and human geography, focusing on current global challenges like climate change, to ready students for careers in environmental management and spatial analysis.

PaperContent AreaTopics
1Core Physical GeographyHydrology and fluvial geomorphology, Atmosphere and weather, Rocks and weathering
2Core Human GeographyPopulation, Migration, Settlement dynamics
3Advanced Physical Geography Options (Choose two)Tropical environments, Coastal environments, Hazardous environments, Hot arid and semi-arid environments
4Advanced Human Geography Options (Choose two)Production, location and change, Environmental management, Global interdependence, Economic transition

Table showing CIE A-Level Geography syllabus

AQA A-Level Geography Syllabus

The AQA A-Level Geography curriculum explores human and physical geography to address contemporary issues like sustainability and urbanization. It equips students with the skills for environmental solutions and geographical analysis, preparing them for careers in planning, conservation, and research.

ContentTopic No.Topic
Physical Geography1Water and carbon cycles
Physical Geography2Hot desert systems and landscapes
Physical Geography3Coastal systems and landscapes
Physical Geography4Glacial systems and landscapes
Physical Geography5Hazards
Physical Geography6Ecosystems under stress
Human Geography7Global systems and global governance
Human Geography8Changing places
Human Geography9Contemporary urban environments
Human Geography10Population and the environment
Human Geography11Resource security
Geography fieldwork investigation12Fieldwork requirements
Geography fieldwork investigation13Investigation requirements
Geographical skills14Geographical skills checklist

Table showing AQA A-Level Geography syllabus

Edexcel A-Level Geography Syllabus

The Edexcel A-Level Geography course combines studies of landscapes, human activities, and global issues, focusing on sustainability and geographical analysis. It prepares students for careers in environmental and urban planning.

Area of studyTopicOption
1: Dynamic LandscapesTopic 1: Tectonic Processes and Hazards-
1: Dynamic LandscapesTopic 2: Landscape Systems, Processes and ChangeOption 2A: Glaciated Landscapes and Change
1: Dynamic LandscapesTopic 2: Landscape Systems, Processes and ChangeOption 2B: Coastal Landscapes and Change
2: Dynamic PlacesTopic 3: Globalisation-
2: Dynamic PlacesTopic 4: Shaping PlacesOption 4A: Regenerating Places
2: Dynamic PlacesTopic 4: Shaping PlacesOption 4B: Diverse Places
3: Physical Systems and SustainabilityTopic 5: The Water Cycle and Water Insecurity-
3: Physical Systems and SustainabilityTopic 6: The Carbon Cycle and Energy Security-
4: Human Systems and GeopoliticsTopic 7: Superpowers-
4: Human Systems and GeopoliticsTopic 8: Global Development and ConnectionsOption 8A: Health, Human Rights and Intervention
4: Human Systems and GeopoliticsTopic 8: Global Development and ConnectionsOption 8B: Migration, Identity and Sovereignty

Table showing Edexcel A-Level Geography syllabus

Through engaging with these concepts, students not only gain knowledge but also develop skills in critical thinking, analysis, and problem-solving, applicable in a wide range of future careers. The A-Level Geography syllabus encourages learners to explore, question, and understand the complexities of the world around them, preparing them for further education and beyond.

What is the A-Level Geography exam structure?

The A-Level Geography exam structure is designed to assess students comprehensively on both the breadth and depth of the subject. It typically combines various forms of assessment to evaluate students' understanding of physical and human geography, their analytical skills, and their ability to apply knowledge to real-world scenarios.

  • Written Examinations: These form the core of the assessment, featuring a mix of short-answer questions, structured questions, and essay questions. Exams test students on key concepts, case studies, and geographical theories.
  • Coursework/Independent Investigation: Many exam boards require students to complete an independent investigation into a topic of their choice, demonstrating fieldwork skills, data collection, and analysis. This component allows students to explore an area of interest in depth and apply empirical research methods.
  • Practical Assessments: Some boards include practical assessments or fieldwork evaluations, where students' abilities to conduct geographic research and apply theoretical knowledge in the field are tested.

CIE A-Level Geography Exam Structure

The CIE A-Level Geography exam includes written papers and coursework, covering human and physical geography. It involves essays, data response, case studies, and an independent investigation, testing analytical skills and practical fieldwork abilities.

Paper No.1234
NameCore Physical GeographyCore Human GeographyAdvanced Physical Geography OptionsAdvanced Human Geography Options
Time1 hr 30 min1 hr 30 min1 hr 30 min1 hr 30 min
Total Marks60606060
AssessmentCandidates answer questions related to core physical geography topicsCandidates answer questions related to core human geography topicsCandidates answer questions on two of the optional topicsCandidates answer questions on two of the optional topics
% of the A Level25%25%25%25%

Table showing CIE A-Level Geography exam structure

AQA A-Level Geography Exam Structure

The AQA A-Level Geography exam structure encompasses written papers focusing on both human and physical geography, including essays, data interpretations, and case studies. It evaluates students' understanding, analytical skills, and ability to apply geographical concepts, also incorporating coursework or an independent investigation for practical fieldwork assessment.

ComponentComponent 1Component 2Component 3
NamePhysical geographyHuman geographyGeography fieldwork investigation
Time2 hr 30 min2 hr 30 min-
Total Marks12012060
SyllabusTopic 1, one from (Topic 2, 3 or 4) and one from (Topic 6 or 7)Topic 7, 8 and one from (Topic 9, 10 or 11)Students complete an individual investigation which must include data collected in the field; marked by teachers and moderated by AQA
QuestionsShort answer, levels of response and extended proseShort answer, levels of response, extended prose3,000-4,000 words: The individual investigation must be based on a question or issue defined and developed by the student relating to any part of the specification content
% of the A Level40%40%20%

Table showing AQA A-Level Geography exam structure

Edexcel Exam Structure

The Edexcel A-Level Geography exam consists of written exams on human and physical geography, with essays, data analysis, and case studies. It tests knowledge, analysis, and application skills, including a practical coursework or fieldwork component for hands-on experience.

Paper No.123Non-examination assessment
Time2 hr 15 min2 hr 15 min2 hr 15 min-
Total Marks1051057070
ContentTopic 1, Topic 2 including optional sub-topics (one from 2A or 2B), Topic 5, Topic 6Topic 3, Topic 4 including optional sub-topics (one from 4A or 4B), Topic 7, Topic 8 including optional sub-topics (one from 8A or 8B)Three synoptic themes within the compulsory content areas: 1. Players, 2. Attitudes and actions, 3. Futures and uncertaintiesThe topic may relate to any aspect of geography contained within the specification
AssessmentExamination may include short open, open response and resource-linked questionsExamination may include short open, open response and resource-linked questionsExamination may include short open, open response and resource-linked questionsThe student will produce a written report of 3000–4000 words; internally assessed and externally moderated
% of the A Level30%30%20%20%

Table showing Edexcel A-Level Geography exam structure

These diverse assessment methods are important in developing a well-rounded geographic understanding. They prepare students not only for academic success but also for real-world problem-solving by fostering critical thinking and research skills. The exact structure can vary between exam boards, but the combination of written exams and coursework is a consistent feature, aimed at testing a wide range of skills and knowledge areas.

Choosing the Right Exam Board

Selecting the right exam board for A-Level Geography is crucial, as it can influence the topics you study, the style of assessment, and the resources available. The choice should align with your learning preferences, strengths, and future academic or career goals. The four main boards in the UK - CIE, AQA, Edexcel and OCR - each offer unique aspects to their geography syllabus.

  • CIE: Recognised as the most popular choice globally, CIE offers an extensive and diverse syllabus that is well-regarded by universities and employers alike.
  • AQA: In 2023, 14,450 students in the UK chose AQA for its comprehensive coverage of both physical and human geography, with a strong focus on contemporary issues.
  • Edexcel: With 13,753 students in 2023 in the UK, Edexcel is known for its clear structure and support for independent investigation, making it a favourite for students interested in research.
  • OCR: OCR, chosen by 5,316 students in 2023 in the UK, is praised for its innovative approach to geography, integrating traditional concepts with modern technological advancements in geographic information systems (GIS).

Considering the exam structure, the specific topics covered, and the availability of learning materials when choosing an exam board is important. It's also beneficial to discuss with teachers and peers who have experience with these boards to gain insights into how each aligns with your learning style and interests. Ultimately, the right exam board for you will offer a syllabus that not only interests you but also challenges and prepares you for future endeavours.

How do you get an A* in A-Level Geography?

Securing an A* in A-Level Geography requires a combination of diligent study habits, strategic exam preparation, and a deep understanding of the subject matter. Achieving this top grade is a testament to a student's hard work, comprehensive knowledge, and ability to apply geographic concepts critically and effectively.

  • Consistent Revision: Regularly review course materials, focusing on both physical and human geography topics. Create detailed study notes that can easily be referenced closer to exam time.
  • Practise with Past Papers: Familiarise yourself with the exam format and question types by practising past papers. This not only improves time management skills but also helps identify areas needing further study.
  • Develop Strong Essay-Writing Skills: Many geography exams require essay responses. Practise writing clear, concise, and well-structured essays that include relevant case studies and examples.
  • Seek Feedback: Regularly seek feedback on your essays and answers from teachers or tutors to understand where improvements can be made.
  • Utilise Tutoring: Consider engaging with a specialist A-Level tutor to provide additional insights, clarify doubts, and offer personalised study strategies.
  • Organise Study Groups: Collaborate with peers for group study sessions. This can be particularly beneficial for discussing complex topics and sharing different perspectives.
Grades distribution of A-Level Geography in UK 2021-2023

Graph showing grades distribution of A-Level Geography in UK 2021-2023

Incorporating a variety of study methods, including the utilisation of online resources and tutoring services, can significantly enhance understanding and performance, steering students towards achieving an A* in A-Level Geography.

Have a look at our comprehensive set of A-Level Geography Study Notes developed by expert A-Level teachers and examiners!

What are the best A-Levels to take with Geography?

Choosing A-Levels that complement Geography can enhance your understanding of the subject and broaden your future academic and career options. Geography's interdisciplinary nature means it pairs well with both sciences and humanities, offering a versatile pathway for students.

  • A-Level Environmental Science: Builds on geographical themes of human impact on the environment, conservation, and sustainability.
  • A-Level Economics: Provides insights into how economic factors influence and are influenced by geographic factors, such as globalisation and development.
  • A-Level History: Enhances understanding of how historical events have shaped and continue to influence geographical landscapes and human societies.
  • A-Level Mathematics: Useful for the statistical elements of geography, especially in physical geography and research methods.
  • A-Level Biology: Complements the ecological aspects of geography, such as biodiversity and conservation.

Such A-Levels should be selected that not only align with your interests but also support your future ambitions. For students aiming for careers in environmental science, urban planning, or international development, these combinations can provide a strong foundation. Furthermore, universities often value the breadth and depth of knowledge that comes from studying complementary subjects alongside Geography.

Best A-Level Geography Resources

To excel in A-Level Geography, leveraging a range of resources is key. These should not only deepen your understanding but also keep you engaged and well-prepared for exams. Based on recommendations from educators and high-achieving students, the following resources are invaluable:

Experts advocate for a balanced study approach, incorporating both traditional materials and digital resources. This strategy not only aids in grasping complex theories but also makes learning more interactive and relevant to today's global challenges.

Common Challenges and How to Overcome Them

A-Level Geography presents a set of common challenges for students, each with its own strategies for overcoming them. Recognising and addressing these issues early can significantly improve understanding and performance in the subject.

  • Vast Syllabus: The extensive content in Geography can seem overwhelming. Tackling this requires breaking the syllabus into manageable sections and setting up a structured study plan. Regular review sessions and prioritising areas of weakness help ensure comprehensive coverage.
  • Balancing Physical and Human Geography: Students often have a preference or strength in either physical or human geography, which can lead to an imbalance in knowledge. Engaging equally with both disciplines through diverse resources and applying real-world examples can enhance understanding and interest in the less preferred area.
  • Data Interpretation and Analysis: Geography involves interpreting various data forms, which can be challenging. Practising with past paper questions and using online tutorials to improve skills in data handling and analysis can build confidence.
  • Essay Writing: The requirement for structured, coherent essays under exam conditions can daunt many. Improving this skill set involves regular practise, seeking feedback, and studying high-grade exemplars to understand what makes an effective geography essay.
  • Time Management in Exams: The breadth of topics covered means time management in exams is crucial. Practising past papers under timed conditions helps improve speed and decision-making about which questions to answer and how much time to allocate to each.

By addressing these challenges with targeted strategies, students can navigate the complexities of A-Level Geography more effectively, leading to a more rewarding and successful study experience.

Past Papers and Practise Questions

Using past papers and practise questions is essential for mastering A-Level Geography. This method goes beyond mere familiarity with the exam structure; it's an effective way to apply what you've learned, enhance time management skills, and pinpoint areas needing more focus.

  • Accessing Past Papers: Exam boards offer a lot of past papers and marking schemes. Consistent practise with these papers can acquaint students with the question formats and the level of detail expected in answers.
  • Practise Questions: In addition to past papers, various educational materials and textbooks provide practise questions. These are invaluable for testing knowledge on particular topics, honing essay-writing capabilities, and improving data interpretation skills.
  • Feedback: Obtaining feedback on your responses is vital. Insight from teachers, tutors, or peer study groups can highlight ways to improve your answers and secure higher marks.

Early and regular engagement with past papers and practise questions is recommended. Incorporating these tools into your revision strategy can build confidence, alleviate exam anxiety, and significantly boost your performance in A-Level Geography.

What can you get with Geography A-Level?

Securing an A-Level in Geography opens up a lot of opportunities, providing a solid foundation for further education and various career pathways. This qualification enhances understanding of both physical and human geography, equipping students with analytical, research, and problem-solving skills that are in high demand across multiple sectors.

Gender distribution across A-Level Geography

Pie chart showing gender distribution across A-Level Geography

Majors in Higher Education:

  • Geography and Environmental Sciences: Direct progression to degrees in geography, environmental science, and sustainability studies.
  • Urban Planning and Architecture: Understanding of human and physical geography supports studies in urban development and planning.
  • International Relations and Development Studies: Prepares students with the global perspective necessary for careers in international development and diplomacy.

Career Paths:

  • Environmental Consultant: Applying knowledge of physical geography to solve environmental problems.
  • Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Specialist: Utilising technical skills in mapping and data analysis.
  • Urban Planner: Planning and developing urban areas with a focus on sustainability and community needs.
  • Teacher: Educating the next generation about the importance of geography and environmental awareness.

Skills Development:

  • Critical Thinking: Evaluating information and arguments to make reasoned conclusions.
  • Data Analysis: Interpreting and analysing geographic data for practical applications.
  • Communication: Presenting complex geographic information clearly and effectively.

Pursuing A-Level Geography not only prepares students for academic studies in a range of related subjects but also furnishes them with a versatile skill set applicable in numerous professional fields, including environmental management, public policy, education, and beyond. This diversity of opportunities underscores the value of geography in fostering adaptable and globally aware individuals.

Conclusion on A-Level Geography

A-Level Geography offers a deep understanding of both our planet and the societies that inhabit it, teaching valuable skills like critical thinking and problem-solving. Recognised for its importance in addressing global challenges like climate change, it prepares students for a diverse range of careers, from environmental management to urban planning. This subject not only broadens knowledge but also provides practical skills applicable in many job sectors, making it a rewarding choice for students looking to make a positive impact in the world.

FAQ

What GCSE grade do you need for A-Level Geography?

To study A-Level Geography, you'll generally need at least a Grade 5 or above in GCSE Geography. However, if you haven't studied Geography, some colleges might accept a Grade 6 in GCSE Physics, Chemistry, or Biology instead. Additionally, to take three A-Levels, you'll need at least 5 GCSEs at grades 9-4, including English at grade 5 or above and Maths at grade 4 or above. For four A-Levels, the requirement is at least 6 GCSEs at grades 9-6, including English at grade 5 or above and Maths at grade 4 or above.

What are the 5 main themes of geography?

The 5 main themes of geography are:

1. Location: Identifies the specific or relative position of something on Earth.

2. Place: Describes the physical and human characteristics that make a location unique.

3. Human-Environment Interaction: Explores how humans and the environment affect each other.

4. Movement: Looks at how and why people, ideas, and goods move from one place to another.

5. Region: Groups areas of the Earth into sections based on physical or human characteristics. These themes help us understand the world by organizing information into understandable categories.

Is geography a level science?

Whether geography is considered a science at A-Level depends on the universities and courses you're interested in. Some courses, like Geology at certain universities, accept geography as a science subject alongside traditional sciences like Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Maths. It's essential to check specific course requirements on university websites or contact them directly for clarification.

Can you do a level geography without GCSE?

Yes, you can do A-Level Geography without having studied it at GCSE. While having a background in Geography might provide familiarity with some concepts and terminology, it's not a prerequisite for taking the subject at A-Level. Students often find that the A-Level introduces many new topics not covered at GCSE, so starting without GCSE Geography won't put you at a significant disadvantage. Focus on strengthening your skills in maths and English, as these are important for success in A-Level Geography. For more detailed insight, visit Exam Tips.

How long does it take to complete A-Level Geography?

Completing A-Level Geography typically takes between 8 to 24 months, depending on your pace of study. It involves around 300 hours of study time to cover the syllabus comprehensively. This duration accommodates both part-time and fast-track study options, allowing flexibility to fit around other commitments or goals​.

Can I study Geography A-Level online?

Yes, you can study A-Level Geography online. Various educational providers offer comprehensive online courses that cover both physical and human geography, allowing you to study from home at your own pace. These courses are designed to be flexible, catering to both part-time and fast-track options, making it convenient for those who need to balance other commitments.

What field trips are involved in Geography A-Level?

A-Level Geography fieldwork often includes studies of diverse environments such as rivers, coasts, urban and rural areas, glaciated landscapes, and more. These field trips are designed to develop practical fieldwork skills using both quantitative and qualitative methods, enhancing understanding of geographical concepts and their real-world applications. The specific fieldwork activities are tailored to complement the curriculum, aiming to bring theoretical knowledge to life and support students in their independent investigations or Non-Examined Assessment (NEA) components.

How important are GIS skills in A-Level Geography?

GIS skills are increasingly important in A-Level Geography due to their effectiveness in visualising spatial information across various topics. They support inquiry-based learning, allowing students to explore and compare places, visualise landscapes, and display data. The National Curriculum and all A-Level specifications include GIS, recognizing its value for fieldwork and classroom learning. It's crucial for developing a range of geographical skills, from basic data viewing to advanced data analysis and visualisation.

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Dr Rahil Sachak-Patwa

Written by: Dr Rahil Sachak-Patwa

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Oxford University - PhD Mathematics

Rahil spent ten years working as private tutor, teaching students for GCSEs, A-Levels, and university admissions. During his PhD he published papers on modelling infectious disease epidemics and was a tutor to undergraduate and masters students for mathematics courses.

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