Territorial disputes significantly influenced the evolution of medieval diplomacy. The constant threat of territorial conflicts made it imperative for rulers to maintain good relations with potential allies and neutralise threats. As a result, diplomatic marriages became commonplace, with rulers marrying off family members to form alliances. Additionally, to ensure adherence to treaties or resolve territorial disagreements, the practice of exchanging hostages became prevalent. Envoys and ambassadors began to play essential roles, being dispatched to foreign courts to negotiate terms or gather intelligence. Furthermore, with the importance of written agreements growing, the role of clerks and scribes in diplomatic ventures was emphasised, leading to more structured and formal diplomatic practices.

Territorial conquests and ambitions inherently impacted trade dynamics due to changes in control, influence, and regional power structures. The newly dominant power, after acquiring a territory, often had vested interests in promoting trade with their homeland or allies. New rulers might introduce policies or taxes that favoured their native traders or hampered competitors. Moreover, the acquisition of new territories often brought control over critical trade routes, ports, or resources, leading to the rerouting of trade networks. Such shifts not only altered the economic landscape but also influenced diplomatic relations, as nations vied for access to lucrative trade routes and markets.

The English Channel played a pivotal role during the Norman Conquest. As a natural barrier between Normandy and England, it presented both a challenge and an opportunity. The Normans' ability to amass and successfully transport a large invasion fleet across the channel showcased their naval mastery and logistical prowess. The Channel also gave William a strategic advantage: once he had crossed it, King Harold had to rush southward after his victory against the Vikings at Stamford Bridge, giving the Normans an upper hand in the subsequent Battle of Hastings due to Harold's exhausted forces. Thus, the English Channel's geographical significance greatly influenced the dynamics of the Norman invasion.

Yes, following the Norman Conquest, England saw several revolts and resistance movements against the new Norman rulers. The years immediately following the conquest, especially from 1067 to 1071, were marked by a series of rebellions. The North of England was particularly resistant, leading to what is known as the 'Harrying of the North' between 1069 and 1070, where William responded with ruthless suppression, devastating lands to quell the resistance. Other significant rebellions included the Revolt of the Earls in 1075. While the Normans managed to suppress these uprisings, they highlight the challenges William faced in consolidating his control over England.

The Normans introduced several key military innovations to England after their conquest. One of the most visible of these was the construction of motte-and-bailey castles, a design choice that offered both strategic defence and a symbol of Norman dominance. The Normans also brought advancements in cavalry tactics, having relied heavily on their horse-mounted knights during battles. These knights were armed with lances and had sophisticated fighting techniques that proved superior to the Anglo-Saxon infantry. Moreover, the Normans initiated changes in the composition and structure of the army, placing emphasis on disciplined units and better-coordinated strategies, setting the foundation for the future English medieval warfare.