When a car takes a flat turn (non-banked) on a road, the required centripetal force for its circular motion comes from the frictional force between the car's tyres and the road. The frictional force acts towards the centre of the circle. If the car's speed is too high, the static friction might not provide enough centripetal force, leading to the car skidding. Therefore, while friction is essential for a car to make a flat turn safely, there's a limit to the speed at which this can happen before the frictional force becomes insufficient.

The hammer in the hammer throw event has a considerable mass and is swung in a circular path by the athlete. The tension in the wire or cord provides the necessary centripetal force to keep the hammer moving in a circle. While the hammer exerts a force on the athlete, the athlete's stance, grip on the handle, and the friction between their feet and the ground help resist this force. The athlete's training and technique are also crucial; they leverage their body weight, strength, and the hammer's momentum to control its path without being pulled along.

Astronauts in satellites, like the International Space Station, experience what we term 'free-fall'. While Earth's gravity pulls the satellite towards its centre, the satellite is also moving forward at a great speed, causing it to fall around the Earth rather than directly into it. This constant free-fall towards Earth is what creates the sensation of weightlessness for astronauts. They're not truly 'weightless' in terms of gravitational force; they, along with the satellite, are falling at the same rate due to gravity, making them feel as though they're floating inside the satellite.

Banked curves are utilised in racetracks and highways to provide an additional component of the normal force exerted by the road on the vehicle to act as the required centripetal force. When a vehicle rounds a curve, it requires a centripetal force to keep it moving in a circular path. By banking the road, a component of the normal reaction force, which acts perpendicular to the road surface, provides this required centripetal force. This means vehicles can navigate the curve safely at higher speeds without relying solely on friction between the tyres and the road.

Satellite dishes are often oriented towards the equator because that's where geostationary satellites, which remain fixed relative to a point on Earth, are located. These satellites orbit above the equator at an altitude that allows them to have an orbital period matching Earth's rotation period. This makes them appear stationary from the Earth's surface. To receive signals from these satellites effectively, dishes need a direct line of sight, which is achieved by pointing them towards the equator where these satellites orbit.