The Ottoman Empire's policies profoundly influenced Serb-Albanian relations in Kosovo. With the Ottomans favouring Islam, Albanians who converted found themselves in more privileged positions, both socially and politically. Conversely, the Christian Serbs, who resisted conversion, faced a more subordinate status. This encouraged Serb migration out of the region, allowing an increase in the Albanian presence. Over time, the social hierarchy, largely determined by religious allegiance to the Ottoman regime, solidified ethnic divisions and sowed the seeds of discord between the two communities. The legacy of these policies continued to influence the socio-political dynamics even after the fall of the Ottoman Empire.

Economic factors significantly contributed to the ascendance of Albanian nationalism in the 20th century. Kosovo, rich in mineral resources, lagged behind other Yugoslav regions in terms of development. This economic disparity led to perceptions among the Albanian majority that they were being deliberately sidelined or neglected. High unemployment rates, particularly among the Albanian youth, and the apparent disparity in infrastructure investment between Serbian and Albanian areas further heightened these grievances. This economic marginalisation served as a catalyst, galvanising the Albanian population towards nationalistic sentiments and demands for greater autonomy or even outright independence.

During the 1980s and 1990s, under the leadership of Slobodan Milosevic, there were reported attempts to stifle the Albanian cultural identity in Kosovo. This manifested in various ways. Albanian-language media and publications faced restrictions or outright bans. Educational curriculums were modified to minimise Albanian historical and cultural contributions, and there were efforts to serbianise Albanian names. Institutions promoting Albanian art, literature, and heritage faced scrutiny, with many being shut down. These measures were perceived by many Albanians as a systematic attempt to diminish their cultural presence in Kosovo, exacerbating tensions and driving further wedges between the Serbian administration and the Albanian-majority populace.

Yes, there were periods in Kosovo's history when efforts were made towards reconciliation between Serbs and Albanians. In the early years of the Yugoslav federation, there were initiatives aimed at promoting interethnic harmony. Educational programmes were introduced to teach both Serbian and Albanian languages, fostering mutual understanding. Economic development projects were sometimes framed to benefit both communities. Interethnic dialogue forums were set up in some areas to facilitate communication and resolve localised issues. However, these efforts often faced challenges, either from nationalistic factions or external geopolitical events, and by the late 20th century, the escalating nationalist sentiments largely overshadowed these early reconciliation initiatives.

The Battle of Kosovo in 1389 is emblematic in Serbian history and has played a key role in shaping Serb national consciousness. Although it ended without a clear victor, the battle saw the Serb-led forces pitted against the Ottoman Turks. The Ottomans subsequently gained a stronger foothold in the region. Over time, this event was mythologised in Serbian folk tales and literature, underlining Kosovo's importance as the cradle of Serbian identity. While Albanians might view the battle differently, for Serbs, it represents a valiant stand against invaders and has been evoked throughout history to inspire nationalistic fervour and justify territorial claims.