Which two of the following are part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Shade two boxes only.
[2 marks]

A Brain
B Spinal cord
C Somatic nervous system
D Autonomic nervous system
E Motor cortex

Lena is relaxing on the sofa after dinner. Her heart rate slows and her digestion is active.
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is mainly responsible for these changes?
Shade one box only.
[1 mark]

A Sympathetic nervous system
B Parasympathetic nervous system
C Somatic nervous system
D Central nervous system

During a knee-jerk reflex, information travels from the spinal cord to the leg muscles.
Which type of neuron carries this information?
Shade one box only.
[1 mark]

A Sensory neuron
B Relay neuron
C Motor neuron
D Mirror neuron

Which of the following shows the correct sequence of events in synaptic transmission?
Shade one box only.
[1 mark]

A Neurotransmitter released → action potential generated in presynaptic neuron → reuptake
B Action potential arrives at presynaptic terminal → neurotransmitter released into synaptic cleft → binds to receptors on postsynaptic neuron
C Neurotransmitter diffuses back into presynaptic neuron → action potential generated → vesicles form
D Receptors on postsynaptic neuron activated → neurotransmitter released → action potential arrives at presynaptic terminal

Which gland is correctly paired with one of its main hormones?
Shade one box only.
[1 mark]

A Adrenal gland – melatonin
B Thyroid gland – thyroxine
C Pituitary gland – insulin
D Pancreas – cortisol

Which effect is most directly associated with the release of adrenaline during the fight or flight response?
Shade one box only.
[1 mark]

A Decrease in blood pressure
B Increase in heart rate
C Increase in digestive activity
D Decrease in respiration rate

Which method of investigating the brain has high temporal resolution but relatively poor spatial resolution?
Shade one box only.
[1 mark]

A Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
B Electroencephalogram (EEG)
C Post-mortem examination
D Structural MRI scan

After a stroke, a patient can understand speech but finds it very difficult to produce spoken words.
Damage to which area of the brain is most likely to explain this problem?
Shade one box only.
[1 mark]

A Visual cortex
B Wernicke’s area
C Motor cortex
D Broca’s area

Which of the following is the best example of brain plasticity?
Shade one box only.
[1 mark]

A An adult’s height stops increasing after puberty.
B A taxi driver develops an enlarged hippocampus after many years of navigation.
C Heart rate increases when a person is scared.
D The adrenal glands release adrenaline during a stressful exam.

Describe the central nervous system (CNS).
[4 marks]