During which phase of meiosis does synapsis occur, leading to the formation of tetrads?

A. Metaphase I

B. Prophase I

C. Anaphase I

D. Telophase II

What is the primary significance of crossing over during meiosis?

A. It increases the rate of mutation.

B. It ensures the separation of homologous chromosomes.

C. It contributes to genetic diversity in the offspring.

D. It facilitates the equal division of cytoplasm.

How many haploid cells are produced at the end of meiosis II?

A. Two

B. Four

C. Eight

D. Sixteen

What are chiasmata?

A. The sites where sister chromatids are attached.

B. The points where two chromatids exchange genetic material.

C. The spindle fibres that separate chromosomes.

D. The regions of centromere on a chromosome.

Which of the following statements about meiosis is correct?

A. Meiosis I is a reductional division, while meiosis II is an equational division.

B. Meiosis II is a reductional division, while meiosis I is an equational division.

C. Both meiosis I and II are reductional divisions.

D. Both meiosis I and II are equational divisions.

a) Explain the significance of the S-phase of interphase in the context of meiosis. [3]

b) Describe the process of synapsis and its importance during prophase I. [2]

a) Define the term "chiasmata" and explain its role in genetic diversity. [3]

b) Differentiate between the outcomes of meiosis I and meiosis II in terms of chromosome number and genetic information. [2]

a) Describe the significance of crossing over in terms of genetic variation. [3]

b) Explain how meiosis contributes to the formation of genetically unique haploid cells. [2]

a) Outline the events that occur during prophase I that contribute to genetic diversity. [4]

b) Explain the difference between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids. [2]

c) Discuss the importance of the formation of four genetically unique haploid cells at the end of meiosis. [3]

a) Describe the role of the centromere during meiosis. [3]

b) How does the random alignment of chromosomes during metaphase I contribute to genetic variation? [4]

c) Briefly explain why meiosis II is often compared to mitosis. [2]

During which phase of meiosis are sister chromatids separated?

A. Anaphase I

B. Anaphase II

C. Metaphase I

D. Metaphase II

What is the role of the centromere during meiosis?

A. Facilitating crossing over

B. Attaching sister chromatids

C. Forming the spindle fibres

D. Initiating cell division

How does meiosis contribute to genetic variation?

A. By chromosome duplication

B. By chromosome deletion

C. By independent assortment and crossing over

D. By cytokinesis

Which of the following occurs only in meiosis and not in mitosis?

A. Synapsis

B. Cytokinesis

C. Chromosome replication

D. Separation of sister chromatids

What is the end result of meiosis in terms of chromosome number?

A. Diploid cells are produced.

B. Haploid cells are produced.

C. Triploid cells are produced.

D. Tetraploid cells are produced.

a) Define the term “tetrad” and explain its formation during meiosis. [3]

b) Discuss the consequences of errors occurring during meiosis, such as nondisjunction. [4]

c) How does meiosis lead to increased genetic diversity? Provide two mechanisms. [2]

a) Explain the significance of chiasmata formation during prophase I. [3]

b) What is the outcome in terms of chromosome number and genetic diversity at the end of meiosis I and meiosis II? [4]

c) Why is it essential for organisms undergoing sexual reproduction to produce gametes through meiosis instead of mitosis? [2]

a) Define the term “crossing over” and explain how it occurs during meiosis. [3]

b) Discuss the role of chiasmata in the process of crossing over and the significance of this process in genetic diversity. [4]

c) How does the separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I differ from the separation of sister chromatids during meiosis II? [3]

d) Why is genetic diversity important for a population? Provide two reasons. [2]

a) Outline the events that lead to the formation of tetrads during prophase I of meiosis. [3]

b) Explain how independent assortment during metaphase I contributes to genetic variation. [4]

c) Discuss the differences and similarities between mitosis and meiosis II. [3]

d) Why is it necessary for gametes to be haploid? [2]

a) Describe the significance of the S-phase in preparing a cell for meiosis. [3]

b) How does the process of synapsis contribute to the genetic diversity of the gametes produced? [4]

c) Compare the genetic content of the daughter cells produced at the end of meiosis I and meiosis II. [3]

d) Briefly explain the evolutionary advantage of producing genetically diverse offspring through sexual reproduction. [2]