Which spectroscopic technique is primarily used to identify the presence of specific functional groups based on absorption peaks?

A. Mass Spectrometry

B. Infrared Spectroscopy

C. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

D. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy

In mass spectrometry, what does the fragmentation pattern help to determine?

A. The molecular weight of the compound

B. The presence of specific bonds

C. The structure of the organic compound

D. The concentration of the sample

Which factor affects the chemical shift in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy?

A. The type of solvent used

B. The environment of the nuclei

C. The intensity of the radiation

D. The concentration of the sample

In which spectroscopic technique is the molecular weight of an organic compound primarily determined?

A. Infrared Spectroscopy

B. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy

C. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

D. Mass Spectrometry

Which of the following is NOT a basic principle of spectroscopic identification of organic compounds?

A. Absorption of radiation

B. Emission of radiation

C. Fragmentation of molecules

D. Refraction of light

a) Explain the basic principles behind mass spectrometry and how it can be used to determine the molecular weight of organic compounds. [3]

b) A compound produced a peak at m/z = 78 in its mass spectrum. What could be the molecular weight of this compound? [2]

a) Describe the basic principles of infrared (IR) spectroscopy and how it can be used to identify functional groups in organic compounds. [3]

b) In an IR spectrum, a sharp peak is observed around 1700 cm^-1. Which functional group could this peak correspond to? [2]

a) Explain the basic principles behind nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. [3]

b) How does the chemical shift in an NMR spectrum relate to the environment of nuclei in an organic compound? [2]

a) Describe how fragmentation patterns in mass spectrometry can provide insights into the structure of an organic compound. [3]

b) A compound shows a major peak at m/z = 43 and a molecular ion peak at m/z = 58 in its mass spectrum. What could be the possible fragment responsible for the m/z = 43 peak? [2]

c) How can the presence of this fragment help in determining the structure of the compound? [3]

a) Explain the significance of absorption peaks in infrared (IR) spectroscopy. [3]

b) An organic compound shows a strong absorption peak at around 3300 cm^-1 and another at 2100 cm^-1. Identify the possible functional groups present. [3]

c) How can the presence of these functional groups be confirmed using other spectroscopic techniques? [2]