A satellite is positioned at a certain altitude above the Earth's surface. Which of the following statements correctly describes the variation of gravitational potential with altitude?

A. Gravitational potential decreases linearly with increasing altitude.

B. Gravitational potential increases exponentially with increasing altitude.

C. Gravitational potential remains constant regardless of altitude.

D. Gravitational potential increases linearly with increasing altitude.

Which of the following best describes a similarity between gravitational fields and electric fields?

A. Both fields are always attractive in nature.

B. Both fields decrease in strength with the square of the distance from the source.

C. Both fields can only exist in a vacuum.

D. Both fields are quantised.

What is the electric potential at a point in space where the electric field is zero?

A. Zero

B. Infinity

C. Constant but not zero

D. Cannot be determined

Two charged particles are placed close to each other. Which of the following statements correctly describes the resultant electric field due to the superposition of their individual fields?

A. The resultant field is always zero.

B. The resultant field is the vector sum of their individual fields.

C. The resultant field is the scalar sum of their individual fields.

D. The resultant field is always in the direction of the stronger charge.

Which of the following is a primary application of Faraday cages?

A. Amplifying electric signals

B. Blocking radio waves

C. Generating electric fields

D. Measuring charge on a body

a) Define 'gravitational potential' at a point in space and explain how it varies with altitude. [3]

b) A satellite is at a height of 2000 km above the Earth's surface. Calculate the change in gravitational potential as it moves to a height of 2500 km. [4]

a) Describe the similarities and differences between gravitational fields and electric fields. [3]

b) If a positive charge is placed in an electric field, in which direction will it move? [2]

a) Define 'equipotential surface' in the context of electric fields. [3]

b) If work is done to move a charge along an equipotential surface, how does the electric potential energy of the charge change? [2]

a) Describe the principle of superposition as it applies to electric fields. [3]

b) Two point charges, Q1 = +3μC and Q2 = -5μC, are separated by a distance of 10 cm. Calculate the resultant electric field at a point midway between the charges. [4]

c) How would the electric field change if Q2 was changed to +5μC? [3]

a) What is meant by 'shielding' in the context of electric fields? [2]

b) Describe the principle behind the operation of a Faraday cage. [3]

c) How does the thickness of the walls of a Faraday cage affect its shielding effectiveness? [3]

In terms of electric potential, what does an equipotential surface represent?

A. A surface where the electric field is zero.

B. A surface where electric potential changes rapidly.

C. A surface where the electric potential is the same at every point.

D. A surface where the electric potential is maximum.

How does the gravitational field inside a hollow spherical shell with uniform mass distribution compare to the field outside the shell?

A. The field is stronger inside than outside.

B. The field is zero inside and non-zero outside.

C. The field is non-zero inside and zero outside.

D. The field is the same both inside and outside.

Which of the following best describes the interaction of electric fields with conductors?

A. Electric fields cannot penetrate conductors.

B. Electric fields are amplified inside conductors.

C. Electric fields always induce a voltage in conductors.

D. Electric fields are always perpendicular to the surface of conductors.

If a charged particle is placed in an electric field and experiences no force, what can be inferred about the electric potential at that point?

A. The electric potential is zero.

B. The electric potential is at a maximum.

C. The electric potential is constant.

D. The particle is at an equipotential location.

Which of the following is a key difference between gravitational fields and electric fields?

A. Gravitational fields can be both attractive and repulsive, while electric fields can only be attractive.

B. Gravitational fields are always attractive, while electric fields can be both attractive and repulsive.

C. Gravitational fields are quantised, while electric fields are continuous.

D. Gravitational fields can exist only in a vacuum, while electric fields can exist in any medium.

a) Define 'gravitational potential' and explain how it is different from 'electric potential'. [3]

b) Calculate the gravitational potential at a height of 1000 km above the Earth's surface. [4]

c) How does the gravitational potential change as one moves farther from the Earth? [3]

a) What are the properties of electric field lines near conductors? [3]

b) How does the density of electric field lines relate to the strength of the electric field? [3]

c) Describe the behaviour of electric field lines around a positive point charge and a negative point charge. [3]

a) Define the term 'equipotential surface' in the context of electric fields. [2]

b) Explain why the work done in moving a charge along an equipotential surface is zero. [3]

c) A point charge of +2μC is placed in a vacuum. Describe the shape of the equipotential surfaces around this charge. [3]

d) If a second point charge of -2μC is placed 5 cm away from the first charge, how would the equipotential surfaces between the two charges appear? [3]

a) What is meant by 'gravitational potential'? [2]

b) How does the gravitational potential vary with altitude above the Earth's surface? [3]

c) Calculate the change in gravitational potential when an object is raised from the Earth's surface to a height of 2000 km. [4]

d) How would this change in potential differ if the same object was raised on the Moon instead of Earth? [3]

a) Describe the principle of superposition as it applies to electric and gravitational fields. [3]

b) Two identical point charges, Q, are separated by a distance d. Calculate the resultant electric field at a point midway between the charges. [4]

c) If one of the charges was replaced by a mass, m, how would the gravitational field at the same point be affected? [3]

d) Compare the strength and direction of electric and gravitational fields in the scenario described in part c. [3]