Question 1
A psychologist is interviewing clients at an addiction clinic. One client says, “If I don’t take the drug my hands shake and I feel physically sick.”
Which of the following best describes this client’s condition? Shade one box only.
A Physical dependence
B Psychological dependence
C Tolerance
D Cognitive bias
[1 mark]
Question 2
Sasha drinks more alcohol than she did a year ago in order to experience the same level of relaxation.
Which term best describes Sasha’s experience? Shade one box only.
A Physical dependence
B Withdrawal syndrome
C Tolerance
D Cue reactivity
[1 mark]
Question 3
Which two of the following are typical withdrawal symptoms from nicotine? Shade two boxes only.
A Increased appetite
B Tremors
C Elevated mood
D Cravings
E Improved concentration
[2 marks]
Question 4
Liam has never smoked, but most of his close friends smoke during breaks at college. Liam starts smoking too so that he can fit in with the group.
Which risk factor for addiction is best illustrated in this example? Shade one box only.
A Genetic vulnerability
B Personality
C Social influence
D Cue reactivity
[1 mark]
Question 5
Which neurotransmitter is most closely associated with the reward pathways involved in nicotine addiction? Shade one box only.
A Serotonin
B Dopamine
C Noradrenaline
D GABA
[1 mark]
Question 6
Priya plays on a fruit machine where she does not know when a win will occur, but wins are frequent enough to keep her playing.
Which schedule of reinforcement best describes this pattern? Shade one box only.
A Fixed ratio
B Fixed interval
C Variable ratio
D Variable interval
[1 mark]
Question 7
Which of the following thoughts is the best example of the gambler’s fallacy? Shade one box only.
A “I feel lucky today so I’m bound to win.”
B “If I keep playing long enough, the machine has to pay out soon.”
C “I won last time, so I should stop while I’m ahead.”
D “The machine is rigged and no one ever wins.”
[1 mark]
Question 8
Marta has stopped drinking alcohol. She is now going out with her friends but deliberately avoids pubs because she knows that the smell of beer might trigger cravings. Her counsellor says she is “getting ready to make more changes to protect her progress”.
According to Prochaska’s six-stage model of behaviour change, which stage is Marta most likely in? Shade one box only.
A Precontemplation
B Contemplation
C Preparation
D Action
[1 mark]
Question 9
Which of the following best illustrates covert sensitisation as a treatment for addiction? Shade one box only.
A Receiving electric shocks while drinking alcohol
B Taking a drug that causes vomiting when alcohol is consumed
C Imagining feeling very ill whenever alcohol is pictured
D Being rewarded with vouchers for each alcohol-free day
[1 mark]
Question 10
Describe what is meant by psychological dependence in relation to addiction.