Which type of isomerism results from a difference in the arrangement of atoms along the carbon skeleton?

A. Chain Isomerism

B. Geometric Isomerism

C. Optical Isomerism

D. Functional Group Isomerism

Which of the following is NOT a type of structural isomerism?

A. Position Isomerism

B. Functional Group Isomerism

C. Cis-Trans Isomerism

D. Chain Isomerism

In which type of isomerism do compounds have the same molecular formula but different functional groups?

A. Chain Isomerism

B. Position Isomerism

C. Functional Group Isomerism

D. Optical Isomerism

Which type of isomerism results from the presence of a chiral centre in a molecule?

A. Chain Isomerism

B. Geometric Isomerism

C. Optical Isomerism

D. Position Isomerism

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of optical isomers?

A. They rotate plane-polarised light.

B. They have the same physical properties.

C. They have different arrangements around a double bond.

D. They are non-superimposable mirror images.

a) Define chain isomerism and provide an example of an organic compound that exhibits this type of isomerism. [2]

b) Explain the significance of chain isomerism in organic reactions, particularly in the context of reactivity and boiling points. [3]

a) Describe geometric (cis-trans) isomerism and illustrate with an example. [2]

b) Why is geometric isomerism important in drug design and biological activity? [3]

a) Define optical isomerism and explain the concept of a chiral centre. [2]

b) Why is optical isomerism significant in biochemistry and medicine? [3]

a) Differentiate between functional group isomerism and position isomerism with the help of an example for each. [3]

b) Given the molecular formula C4H8O, provide an example of a compound that exhibits functional group isomerism. [2]

c) How does the difference in the functional group affect the chemical properties of the isomers? [2]

a) What is meant by chain isomerism? Provide an example using a six-carbon alkane. [2]

b) Describe the concept of geometric isomerism using an example of a four-carbon alkene. [3]

c) How does the presence of a chiral centre lead to optical isomerism? [2]

Why is isomerism important in drug design?

A. It allows for a variety of structural arrangements.

B. Different isomers can have different biological activities.

C. It increases the melting point of the drug.

D. It makes the drug more soluble in water.

Which type of isomerism is due to restricted rotation around a double bond?

A. Chain Isomerism

B. Geometric Isomerism

C. Optical Isomerism

D. Functional Group Isomerism

Which of the following compounds can exhibit optical isomerism?

A. But-1-ene

B. But-2-ene

C. 2-methylpropane

D. 2-chlorobutane

Which type of isomerism results from a difference in the position of a functional group on the carbon chain?

A. Chain Isomerism

B. Position Isomerism

C. Functional Group Isomerism

D. Optical Isomerism

Which of the following pairs of compounds are geometric isomers?

A. 2-methylpent-2-ene and 3-methylpent-2-ene

B. Pent-1-ene and pent-2-ene

C. Cis-pent-2-ene and Trans-pent-2-ene

D. Ethene and Propene

a) Define optical isomerism and provide an example using a three-carbon compound. [3]

b) How do optical isomers interact with plane-polarised light? [2]

c) Why is it important to consider optical isomerism in drug design? [3]

a) What is the difference between geometric (cis-trans) isomerism and optical isomerism? [3]

b) Given the compound 2-pentene, describe the possible geometric isomers it can form. [2]

c) How does the presence of multiple chiral centres in a molecule affect the number of possible optical isomers? [2]

a) Define chain isomerism and provide an example using a five-carbon alkane. [2]

b) Explain the concept of position isomerism with the help of an example using a six-carbon alkene. [3]

c) What is a chiral centre? How does it lead to the formation of optical isomers? [3]

d) Why are geometric isomers not superimposable on their mirror images? [2]

a) Describe the significance of optical isomerism in the pharmaceutical industry. [3]

b) Given the compound 3-heptene, illustrate the possible geometric isomers it can form. [2]

c) How does functional group isomerism differ from chain isomerism? Provide an example for each. [4]

d) Why is geometric isomerism not observed in alkanes? [2]

a) What is the difference between cis-trans isomerism and E-Z notation in describing geometric isomers? [3]

b) Given a compound with two chiral centres, calculate the maximum number of optical isomers it can have. [2]

c) Describe the importance of isomerism in biological systems, particularly in enzymes and receptors. [3]

d) How does the presence of a chiral centre affect the physical properties of a compound, particularly its interaction with plane-polarised light? [3]