Which of the following is an example of an alcohol?

A. CH3COOH

B. CH3CHO

C. CH3OH

D. CH3COCH3

Which compound is commonly used as a solvent and has a fruity odour?

A. Ethanoic acid

B. Methanal

C. Ethanol

D. Ethyl ethanoate

Which functional group is present in carboxylic acids?

A. -OH

B. -CHO

C. -COOH

D. -CO

Which of the following compounds is used in the synthesis of esters?

A. Aldehyde

B. Ketone

C. Alcohol

D. Amine

Which compound is responsible for the characteristic smell of vinegar?

A. Methanol

B. Ethanoic acid

C. Ethanol

D. Methanoic acid

a) Define the term "ester" and provide an example of an ester molecule. [2]

b) Explain the significance of esters in the synthesis of fragrances. [3]

a) Describe the characteristic reactions of alcohols. [3]

b) How do the properties of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols differ? [2]

a) What is the importance of oxygen-containing compounds in the petrochemical industry? [3]

b) Differentiate between an aldehyde and a ketone, providing an example for each. [2]

a) What is the general formula for carboxylic acids? [1]

b) Describe the characteristic reactions of carboxylic acids. [3]

c) Explain the importance of carboxylic acids in the synthesis of other organic compounds. [3]

a) Define the term "amide" and provide an example. [2]

b) How do amides differ from amines in terms of structure and reactivity? [3]

c) Describe the significance of amides in the synthesis of polymers. [2]

Which of the following is NOT an oxygen-containing compound?

A. Ether

B. Ester

C. Amine

D. Alcohol

Which reaction involves the conversion of an alcohol to a carboxylic acid?

A. Reduction

B. Oxidation

C. Substitution

D. Addition

Which of the following compounds is used in the synthesis of amides?

A. Alcohol

B. Ester

C. Carboxylic acid

D. Alkene

Which compound is commonly used as a preservative in food and has a sour taste?

A. Ethanol

B. Methanal

C. Benzoic acid

D. Benzene

Which of the following reactions is characteristic of aldehydes but not ketones?

A. Oxidation to form carboxylic acids

B. Reduction to form alcohols

C. Formation of cyanohydrins

D. Reaction with Brady's reagent

a) What are the characteristic reactions of aldehydes? [3]

b) How do aldehydes differ from ketones in terms of reactivity towards nucleophilic addition? [3]

c) Explain the importance of aldehydes in the fragrance industry. [2]

a) Describe the properties of esters. [2]

b) How are esters formed from carboxylic acids? [3]

c) Explain the significance of esters in the food industry. [3]

a) What is the difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols in terms of their structure? [3]

b) Describe the oxidation reactions of primary and secondary alcohols. [3]

c) How are ethers formed from alcohols? [2]

d) Explain the significance of ethers in the pharmaceutical industry. [3]

a) Define the term "phenol" and provide an example. [2]

b) How do the properties of phenols differ from those of alcohols? [3]

c) Describe the reactions of phenols with bases. [3]

d) Explain the importance of phenols in antiseptic solutions. [3]

a) What are carboxylic acid derivatives? Provide two examples. [3]

b) Describe the hydrolysis reactions of esters. [3]

c) How are amides formed from carboxylic acids? [2]

d) Explain the significance of carboxylic acid derivatives in the synthesis of polymers. [3]