What is the role of codons in the molecular nature of genes?

A. Facilitating replication of DNA

B. Carrying the genetic code for amino acids

C. Modifying the structure of proteins

D. Creating genetic diversity within a population

Which of the following best describes alleles?

A. Different sequences of DNA

B. Different versions of the same gene

C. Different types of proteins

D. Different genomes within a cell

What does a genome represent in an organism?

A. A single gene

B. A single chromosome

C. The complete set of genes or genetic material

D. The complete set of proteins

How do dominant and recessive alleles contribute to genetic diversity?

A. By modifying the genetic code

B. By determining the phenotype of an organism

C. By altering the structure of DNA

D. By changing the number of chromosomes

What is the primary function of genes within a cell?

A. Controlling the production of lipids

B. Controlling the production of proteins

C. Modifying the structure of the cell membrane

D. Facilitating the transport of molecules

a) Discuss the molecular nature of genes and explain how they carry the genetic code in the form of codons. [3]

b) Describe the role of genes in controlling the production of proteins, illustrating with an example. [2]

a) Explain the concept of alleles and how they represent different versions of the same gene. [3]

b) Discuss the difference between dominant and recessive alleles and their role in creating genetic diversity within a population. [2]

a) Define the term "genome" and explain its significance in the development and function of an organism. [3]

b) Discuss the importance of studying the genome in the field of genetics, highlighting its role in understanding diseases. [2]

a) Elaborate on how the sequence of codons in a gene influences the structure of the resulting protein. [3]

b) Provide an example of a structural protein and discuss its significance in organism structure. [2]

c) Explain how variations in amino acid sequence contribute to the diversity of proteins. [3]

a) Discuss the role of enzymes as biological catalysts and describe the concept of the active site. [3]

b) Explain how factors such as temperature and pH affect enzyme activity. [3]

c) Provide an example of an enzymatic reaction and its significance in metabolism. [2]

How does the concept of alleles relate to genes?

A. Alleles are proteins produced by genes

B. Alleles are different versions of the same gene

C. Alleles are components of the cell membrane

D. Alleles are sequences of RNA

Which of the following is a characteristic of the molecular nature of genes?

A. Genes are composed of proteins

B. Genes carry the genetic code in the form of codons

C. Genes are structures within the cell membrane

D. Genes facilitate the transport of lipids

What is the significance of a genome in studying genetics?

A. It represents a single trait of an organism

B. It determines the phenotype of a population

C. It provides a complete set of genetic material for analysis

D. It modifies the structure of chromosomes

How do recessive alleles contribute to the phenotype of an organism?

A. They always determine the phenotype

B. They determine the phenotype only in the presence of another recessive allele

C. They modify the structure of DNA

D. They change the number of chromosomes

Which of the following accurately describes the role of genes in organisms?

A. Genes control the production of RNA only

B. Genes control the production of proteins and determine traits

C. Genes modify the structure of the cell membrane

D. Genes are responsible for the transport of molecules within the cell

a) Define alleles and explain how the presence of different alleles contributes to genetic diversity within a population. [3]

b) Discuss the concept of a genome and its importance in understanding evolutionary relationships. [3]

c) Explain how studying genomes can aid in disease prediction and the development of personalised medicine. [2]

a) Discuss the formation of peptide bonds through condensation reactions and how this leads to the formation of polypeptides. [3]

b) Explain the significance of protein synthesis in the functioning of organisms. [2]

c) Provide examples of proteins acting as hormones and antibodies and discuss their roles. [3]

a) Describe the molecular nature of genes and how they carry the genetic code in the form of codons. [3]

b) Explain the role of genes in controlling the production of proteins. [3]

c) Discuss the concept of dominant and recessive alleles and how they contribute to genetic diversity within a population. [3]

d) Provide an example of a recessive allele and the trait it codes for. [1]

a) Define the term genome and explain its significance in the development and function of organisms. [3]

b) Discuss how the study of genomes can aid in understanding disease mechanisms. [3]

c) Explain how advancements in genomics have contributed to the field of personalised medicine. [3]

d) Provide an example of a disease that can be better understood and treated through genomic studies. [1]

a) Discuss the diversity of proteins in terms of amino acid sequence and its significance in organism structure and function. [3]

b) Explain the function of enzymes as biological catalysts and describe the concept of the enzyme-substrate complex. [3]

c) Discuss how factors such as temperature, pH, and substrate concentration affect enzyme activity. [3]

d) Provide an example of an enzymatic reaction and explain its significance in metabolism. [1]