Which technique is primarily used in bioinformatics for comparing and aligning multiple sequences to identify regions of similarity?

A. Mass Spectrometry

B. Sequence Alignment

C. 2D Gel Electrophoresis

D. Data Mining

What is the primary goal of comparative genomics in bioinformatics?

A. Comparing protein structures

B. Identifying differences and similarities between the genomes of different species

C. Sequencing entire genomes

D. Predicting diseases

Which application of bioinformatics has significantly contributed to the development of personalised medicine?

A. Phylogenetic Analysis

B. Whole Genome Sequencing

C. Protein Profiling

D. Data Mining

In bioinformatics, what is the primary purpose of using databases?

A. Storing genetic information

B. Aligning sequences

C. Conducting phylogenetic analysis

D. Modifying genetic information

Which bioinformatics tool is essential for identifying evolutionary relationships among a group of species?

A. Data Mining

B. Sequence Alignment

C. Phylogenetic Analysis

D. Mass Spectrometry

a) Define the field of bioinformatics and discuss its importance in understanding biodiversity and evolutionary relationships. [3]

b) Explain how bioinformatics utilises databases and data mining in sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis. [4]

a) Discuss the concept of whole genome sequencing and its significance in personalised medicine and understanding disease mechanisms. [4]

b) Explain the principles of comparative genomics and functional genomics and their applications in gene therapy. [3]

a) Describe the technique of protein profiling and its significance in understanding cell function and disease mechanisms. [3]

b) Explain how mass spectrometry and 2D gel electrophoresis are used in protein profiling and their applications in disease diagnosis and drug development. [4]

a) Elaborate on how bioinformatics contributes to disease prediction and the development of personalised medicine. [3]

b) Discuss the role of sequence alignment in phylogenetic analysis and its significance in studying evolutionary relationships. [3]

c) Explain the concept of data mining and how it is applied in bioinformatics to extract meaningful information from biological databases. [3]

a) Define whole genome sequencing and discuss its applications in understanding disease mechanisms. [3]

b) Explain the principles and applications of comparative and functional genomics in gene therapy. [4]

c) Describe how bioinformatics aids in the study of biodiversity through the use of databases and phylogenetic analysis. [2]

How does functional genomics differ from comparative genomics?

A. Functional genomics studies the function of genes, while comparative genomics compares genomes of different species.

B. Functional genomics compares genomes of different species, while comparative genomics studies the function of genes.

C. Functional genomics is used in disease prediction, while comparative genomics is used in drug development.

D. Functional genomics is used in drug development, while comparative genomics is used in disease prediction.

Which technique in bioinformatics is primarily used for analysing the mass and charge of ions to identify molecules?

A. Mass Spectrometry

B. Sequence Alignment

C. 2D Gel Electrophoresis

D. Phylogenetic Analysis

What is the significance of protein profiling in bioinformatics?

A. Identifying genetic variations

B. Understanding cell function and disease mechanisms

C. Aligning nucleotide sequences

D. Comparing genomes of different species

How does bioinformatics contribute to understanding biodiversity?

A. By modifying genetic information

B. By aligning protein sequences

C. By analysing evolutionary relationships and identifying genetic variations among species

D. By developing personalised medicine

Which of the following is a direct application of bioinformatics in medicine?

A. Identifying the structure of DNA

B. Predicting disease susceptibility and developing gene therapy approaches

C. Comparing cellular structures

D. Studying ecological relationships

a) Discuss the technique of protein profiling and its significance in disease diagnosis and drug development. [3]

b) Explain the principles and applications of mass spectrometry and 2D gel electrophoresis in protein profiling. [4]

c) Describe how protein profiling contributes to the understanding of cell function and disease mechanisms. [2]

a) Explain the importance of bioinformatics in studying evolutionary relationships and understanding biodiversity. [3]

b) Discuss the applications of whole genome sequencing in personalised medicine and gene therapy. [3]

c) Describe the role of protein profiling in understanding cell function and its applications in disease diagnosis. [3]

a) Define bioinformatics and discuss its significance in understanding biodiversity and evolutionary relationships. [3]

b) Explain the process and importance of sequence alignment in bioinformatics. How does it contribute to phylogenetic analysis? [4]

c) Discuss the concept and applications of data mining in extracting meaningful information from biological databases. [3]

d) How does bioinformatics facilitate disease prediction and the development of personalised medicine? [3]

a) Define whole genome sequencing and discuss its significance in understanding disease mechanisms and developing targeted therapies. [4]

b) Explain the principles of comparative and functional genomics. How are they applied in gene therapy? [3]

c) Discuss the technique of protein profiling and its applications in disease diagnosis and drug development. [3]

d) How do mass spectrometry and 2D gel electrophoresis contribute to protein profiling and the understanding of cell function? [3]

a) Discuss the role and significance of bioinformatics in the field of evolutionary biology and biodiversity studies. [3]

b) How does whole genome sequencing contribute to the field of personalised medicine and the understanding of disease mechanisms? [4]

c) Explain the concept of protein profiling and discuss its applications in drug development and disease diagnosis. [3]

d) Describe the techniques of mass spectrometry and 2D gel electrophoresis and their significance in studying proteins and understanding cell function. [3]