What does biodiversity primarily refer to?

A. The variety of ecosystems

B. The variety of species and genetic diversity within them

C. The variety of abiotic factors

D. The variety of conservation strategies

Which measure of biodiversity considers both the number of species and their relative abundance?

A. Species richness

B. Species evenness

C. Genetic diversity

D. Ecosystem diversity

Which of the following is a major threat to biodiversity?

A. Habitat restoration

B. Climate change

C. Sustainable use

D. Protected areas

What is the primary goal of establishing protected areas as a conservation strategy?

A. To promote sustainable use of resources

B. To allow habitat destruction

C. To preserve habitats and protect species from extinction

D. To introduce invasive species

How does overexploitation contribute to the loss of biodiversity?

A. By promoting species richness

B. By introducing non-native species

C. By depleting populations and leading to extinction

D. By restoring habitats

a) Define biodiversity and explain why it is important for ecosystems. [3]

b) Discuss two major threats to biodiversity and describe how they impact ecosystems. [4]

a) Describe the concept of species richness and how it is used to measure biodiversity. [3]

b) Explain the role of sustainable use in conservation strategies and how it contributes to biodiversity preservation. [4]

a) Explain the difference between species richness and species evenness as measures of biodiversity. [3]

b) Discuss the effectiveness of establishing protected areas as a conservation strategy to preserve biodiversity. [4]

a) Define invasive species and discuss how they pose a threat to biodiversity. [3]

b) Explain the concept of carrying capacity in relation to population dynamics. [3]

c) Discuss how overexploitation of resources can lead to a decline in biodiversity. [4]

a) Describe the role of decomposers in energy flow within an ecosystem. [3]

b) Explain how climate change can alter community structure and biodiversity. [4]

c) Discuss the importance and challenges of restoration as a conservation strategy. [3]

Why is biodiversity important for ecosystems?

A. It reduces ecosystem stability

B. It enhances ecosystem resilience and functioning

C. It decreases genetic diversity

D. It promotes habitat destruction

Which conservation strategy involves the sustainable management of natural resources?

A. Habitat destruction

B. Sustainable use

C. Invasive species introduction

D. Climate change mitigation

How do invasive species pose a threat to biodiversity?

A. By increasing species richness

B. By outcompeting, preying on, or bringing diseases to native species

C. By restoring degraded habitats

D. By decreasing species evenness

What is the role of habitat restoration in conservation?

A. To degrade habitats further

B. To reintroduce extinct species

C. To rehabilitate degraded ecosystems and enhance biodiversity

D. To promote overexploitation

Which of the following is not a measure of biodiversity?

A. Species richness

B. Genetic diversity

C. Climate change

D. Species evenness

a) Explain the significance of carbon dioxide and water vapour as major greenhouse gases. [3]

b) Discuss the impact of methane on the atmosphere and its accumulation. [3]

c) Describe how different conservation strategies can mitigate the effects of climate change on biodiversity. [4]

a) Discuss the factors that influence species richness in a given ecosystem. [3]

b) Explain the role of autotrophs in converting carbon dioxide into carbohydrates. [3]

c) Discuss how human activities contribute to increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide and the implications for biodiversity. [4]

a) Define biodiversity and explain why it is important for ecosystems. [3]

b) Discuss the different measures of biodiversity, including species richness and evenness. [3]

c) Identify and explain the major threats to biodiversity. [4]

d) Evaluate the effectiveness of protected areas as a conservation strategy. [4]

a) Discuss how climate change can impact biodiversity and ecosystem services. [4]

b) Explain the role of decomposers in nutrient cycling within ecosystems. [3]

c) Describe the nitrogen cycle and discuss its significance in ecosystems. [4]

d) Evaluate the challenges and benefits of sustainable use as a conservation strategy. [3]

a) Define and discuss the concept of carrying capacity in ecosystems. [3]

b) Explain how overexploitation of species can lead to population declines and ecosystem imbalances. [4]

c) Discuss the water cycle and its importance in maintaining ecosystem health. [3]

d) Evaluate different conservation strategies and their effectiveness in preserving biodiversity. [4]