Which of the following scientists did not directly contribute to the discovery of the DNA double helix structure?

A. Rosalind Franklin

B. James Watson

C. Gregor Mendel

D. Francis Crick

Which base does RNA have that DNA does not?

A. Adenine

B. Thymine

C. Uracil

D. Cytosine

What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?

A. Synthesizing new DNA strands

B. Unwinding the DNA double helix

C. Joining Okazaki fragments

D. Modifying RNA molecules

Which type of RNA is involved in bringing amino acids to the ribosome?

A. mRNA

B. tRNA

C. rRNA

D. snRNA

What is the significance of the antiparallel strands in DNA structure?

A. They allow for complementary base pairing

B. They prevent DNA replication

C. They facilitate RNA modification

D. They inhibit protein synthesis

a) Describe the discovery of the DNA structure by Watson, Crick, Wilkins, and Franklin, highlighting the significance of the double helix and antiparallel strands. [4]

b) Explain the importance of base pairing (A-T, C-G) in DNA structure for information storage. [3]

a) Discuss the differences between DNA and RNA, focusing on the sugar component, bases, and structure. [4]

b) Explain the roles of different types of RNA (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA) in protein synthesis. [3]

a) Discuss the role of helicase and DNA polymerase in the process of DNA replication. [3]

b) Explain the concept of leading and lagging strands and the formation of Okazaki fragments during DNA replication. [4]

a) Elaborate on the contribution of Rosalind Franklin in the discovery of the DNA double helix structure. [3]

b) Discuss the significance of the antiparallel nature of DNA strands in the replication process. [3]

c) Explain how the specificity of base pairing is essential for the accurate transmission of genetic information. [4]

a) Compare the structure of DNA and RNA, highlighting the differences in sugar, bases, and strand configuration. [4]

b) Discuss the different types of RNA and their respective roles in the process of protein synthesis. [4]

c) Explain the importance of RNA in translating the genetic code stored in DNA into functional proteins. [3]

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesising new DNA strands during replication?

A. Ligase

B. Helicase

C. DNA polymerase

D. RNA polymerase

What are Okazaki fragments?

A. Fragments of DNA on the leading strand

B. Fragments of RNA on the lagging strand

C. Fragments of DNA on the lagging strand

D. Fragments of RNA on the leading strand

Which of the following is a difference between DNA and RNA?

A. DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded

B. DNA contains uracil, while RNA contains thymine

C. DNA is involved in protein synthesis, while RNA stores genetic information

D. DNA is found in the cytoplasm, while RNA is found in the nucleus

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

A. Carrying amino acids to the ribosome

B. Forming the structural component of ribosomes

C. Carrying genetic information from DNA to the ribosome

D. Joining Okazaki fragments together

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is true?

A. It is a conservative process

B. It occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell

C. It results in two identical daughter molecules, each with one old and one new strand

D. It is facilitated by RNA polymerase

a) Describe the role of helicase in unwinding the DNA double helix during replication. [3]

b) Discuss the significance of leading and lagging strands in DNA replication and how Okazaki fragments are formed on the lagging strand. [4]

c) Explain the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication and its importance in maintaining genetic continuity. [4]

a) Discuss the importance of the discovery of the DNA structure in understanding genetic information storage. [3]

b) Explain the differences between DNA and RNA, focusing on their structure and functions. [4]

c) Describe the roles of helicase and DNA polymerase in DNA replication and the significance of this process in inheritance. [4]

a) Outline the key contributions of Watson, Crick, Wilkins, and Franklin in discovering the structure of DNA. [4]

b) Discuss the role of base pairing in the stability of the DNA structure and its significance in genetic information storage. [3]

c) Differentiate between the structures of DNA and RNA, emphasising the differences in sugar, bases, and strand configuration. [4]

d) Explain the roles of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA in protein synthesis and why each is crucial for this cellular process. [4]

a) Describe the antiparallel nature of DNA strands and how this feature is significant for DNA replication. [3]

b) Discuss the differences in the roles of helicase and DNA polymerase during DNA replication. [4]

c) Explain the formation of Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand and how they contribute to the overall DNA replication process. [3]

d) Discuss the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication and its implications for genetic inheritance and diversity. [5]

a) Explain the importance of the double helix structure of DNA in the context of genetic information storage and transmission. [4]

b) Discuss the structural and functional differences between the three types of RNA: mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. [4]

c) Describe the process of DNA replication, focusing on the roles of helicase and DNA polymerase. [3]

d) Discuss the significance of the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication in maintaining genetic integrity during cell division. [4]