Which molecule is produced during the photolysis of water in photosystem II?

A. O2

B. CO2

C. NADPH

D. ATP

What is the primary role of photosystem I in photosynthesis?

A. Photolysis of water

B. Formation of ATP

C. Formation of NADPH

D. Carbon fixation

Which enzyme is crucial for carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle?

A. ATP synthase

B. Rubisco

C. Hexokinase

D. Pyruvate kinase

What is the main product of the Calvin cycle?

A. Glucose

B. ATP

C. NADPH

D. G3P

Where does the electron transport chain of photosynthesis occur?

A. Stroma

B. Thylakoid membrane

C. Outer mitochondrial membrane

D. Cytoplasm

a) Explain the role and significance of photosystem II in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. [3]

b) Discuss how the electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane contributes to the formation of ATP and NADPH. [4]

a) Describe the process of carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle and the role of rubisco in this process. [4]

b) Explain the significance of the Calvin cycle in carbon capture and food production. [3]

a) Discuss the formation of ATP through photophosphorylation in the thylakoid membrane. [3]

b) How does the Calvin cycle lead to the formation of glucose? [4]

a) Explain the concept of photosystems and their role in light absorption during photosynthesis. [3]

b) Describe the process of photolysis of water and its significance in the light-dependent reactions. [3]

c) Discuss the role and significance of photosystem I in energy capture. [3]

a) Outline the stages of the Calvin cycle and the role of rubisco in carbon fixation. [4]

b) How does the regeneration of RuBP facilitate the continuous operation of the Calvin cycle? [3]

c) Discuss the importance of G3P in glucose formation and the overall significance of the Calvin cycle in food production. [4]

What is the significance of ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

A. They are used as energy sources for cellular respiration.

B. They are used in the Calvin cycle for carbohydrate synthesis.

C. They are released as waste products.

D. They are stored for future use.

Which of the following is not a product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

A. Oxygen

B. ATP

C. NADPH

D. Glucose

What is the role of the regeneration of RuBP in the Calvin cycle?

A. It allows for the continuous fixation of carbon dioxide.

B. It produces ATP.

C. It releases oxygen.

D. It forms glucose.

Which of the following occurs in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

A. Carbon fixation

B. Formation of ATP

C. Photolysis of water

D. Formation of glucose

What is the significance of photosystems in photosynthesis?

A. They fix carbon dioxide.

B. They capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy.

C. They produce glucose.

D. They facilitate the transport of electrons.

a) Describe the role of the electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane in ATP formation. [3]

b) Explain the process of oxidative phosphorylation and its significance in energy provision. [4]

c) Discuss the role of NADH and FADH2 in the electron transport chain. [3]

a) Discuss the concept of chemiosmosis and how it leads to the formation of ATP in the thylakoid membrane. [4]

b) Describe the process and significance of carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle. [3]

c) How does the structure of rubisco relate to its function in the Calvin cycle? [3]

a) Explain the role and significance of photosystem II in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. [3]

b) Describe the process and importance of photophosphorylation in the formation of ATP. [4]

c) Discuss the Calvin cycle, focusing on the role of rubisco and the formation of G3P. [4]

d) How does the regeneration of RuBP ensure the continuity of the Calvin cycle, and why is this important for plant life? [3]

a) Discuss the role of the electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane and how it contributes to the formation of a proton gradient. [4]

b) Explain the principle of chemiosmosis and how it leads to ATP synthesis in chloroplasts. [3]

c) Describe the steps involved in carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle and the significance of this process in plants. [4]

d) How does the structure of the thylakoid membrane facilitate the processes of the light-dependent reactions? [3]

a) Outline the differences between photosystem I and photosystem II and their respective roles in the light-dependent reactions. [4]

b) Describe the formation and significance of NADPH in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. [3]

c) Discuss the steps and importance of the regeneration of RuBP in the Calvin cycle. [3]

d) Explain how the products of the light-dependent reactions are utilised in the Calvin cycle and why this is crucial for plant survival. [4]