Which molecule is produced during the photolysis of water in photosystem II?

A. O2

B. CO2

C. NADPH

D. ATP

What is the primary role of photosystem I in photosynthesis?

A. Photolysis of water

B. Formation of ATP

C. Formation of NADPH

D. Carbon fixation

Which enzyme is crucial for carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle?

A. ATP synthase

B. Rubisco

C. Hexokinase

D. Pyruvate kinase

What is the main product of the Calvin cycle?

A. Glucose

B. ATP

C. NADPH

D. G3P

Where does the electron transport chain of photosynthesis occur?

A. Stroma

B. Thylakoid membrane

C. Outer mitochondrial membrane

D. Cytoplasm

a) Explain the role and significance of photosystem II in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. [3]

b) Discuss how the electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane contributes to the formation of ATP and NADPH. [4]

a) Describe the process of carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle and the role of rubisco in this process. [4]

b) Explain the significance of the Calvin cycle in carbon capture and food production. [3]

a) Discuss the formation of ATP through photophosphorylation in the thylakoid membrane. [3]

b) How does the Calvin cycle lead to the formation of glucose? [4]

a) Explain the concept of photosystems and their role in light absorption during photosynthesis. [3]

b) Describe the process of photolysis of water and its significance in the light-dependent reactions. [3]

c) Discuss the role and significance of photosystem I in energy capture. [3]

a) Outline the stages of the Calvin cycle and the role of rubisco in carbon fixation. [4]

b) How does the regeneration of RuBP facilitate the continuous operation of the Calvin cycle? [3]

c) Discuss the importance of G3P in glucose formation and the overall significance of the Calvin cycle in food production. [4]