Which type of RNA is synthesised during transcription?

A. mRNA

B. rRNA

C. tRNA

D. All of the above

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

A. It unwinds the DNA and adds complementary RNA nucleotides

B. It modifies the pre-mRNA

C. It transports mRNA to the ribosome

D. It translates mRNA into a protein

Which stage of transcription involves the formation of the transcription bubble?

A. Initiation

B. Elongation

C. Termination

D. Modification

In which direction does transcription occur on the DNA template strand?

A. 5' to 3'

B. 3' to 5'

C. 5' to 5'

D. 3' to 3'

What is the product of transcription in eukaryotes before modification?

A. mRNA

B. tRNA

C. rRNA

D. pre-mRNA

a) Explain the process of transcription and highlight the different types of RNA synthesised using a DNA template. [4]

b) Describe the role of RNA polymerase in unwinding the DNA and adding complementary RNA nucleotides during transcription. [3]

a) Detail the initiation phase of transcription, discussing the formation of the transcription bubble and the direction of transcription. [4]

b) How does the creation of pre-mRNA in eukaryotes differ from the transcription process in prokaryotes? [3]

a) Describe the elongation phase of transcription and explain how the RNA strand grows during this phase. [3]

b) Discuss the significance of the termination phase in transcription and how it concludes the synthesis of the RNA strand. [4]

a) Explain the significance of the transcription bubble in the synthesis of RNA. [3]

b) How does RNA polymerase ensure the accuracy of the RNA sequence during transcription? [3]

c) Discuss the differences in the transcription process between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. [4]

a) Describe the role of the promoter region in initiating transcription. [3]

b) During elongation, how does the RNA strand grow, and what is the direction of this growth? [3]

c) Explain the importance of the termination sequence in concluding the transcription process. [4]

Which of the following modifications occurs to pre-mRNA in eukaryotes?

A. Splicing

B. Capping

C. Polyadenylation

D. All of the above

What is the significance of the 5' cap added to pre-mRNA?

A. It aids in the export of mRNA from the nucleus

B. It protects mRNA from degradation

C. It assists in ribosome binding

D. All of the above

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesising the RNA strand during transcription?

A. DNA polymerase

B. RNA polymerase

C. Helicase

D. Ligase

Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?

A. Cytoplasm

B. Nucleus

C. Ribosome

D. Endoplasmic reticulum

What is the function of tRNA synthesised during transcription?

A. Carrying amino acids to the ribosome

B. Forming the structural component of ribosomes

C. Carrying the genetic code to be translated

D. Modifying the pre-mRNA

a) How does the formation of mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA differ during transcription? [4]

b) Discuss the role of RNA polymerase in unwinding the DNA and its significance in transcription. [3]

c) Detail the process of transcription in eukaryotes, including the creation of pre-mRNA. [3]

a) Why is the transcription bubble essential for the synthesis of RNA, and how is it formed? [3]

b) Explain the proofreading ability of RNA polymerase and its importance in transcription. [4]

c) How does the transcription process in prokaryotes differ from that in eukaryotes, especially regarding the location and processing of RNA? [3]

a) Elaborate on the semiconservative nature of transcription and how it ensures the accuracy of RNA synthesis. [3]

b) Discuss the role and significance of different types of RNA polymerases in eukaryotes during transcription. [4]

c) How does the transcription bubble form, and what is its role in the elongation phase of transcription? [3]

d) Contrast the processing of pre-mRNA in eukaryotes with the immediate availability of mRNA for translation in prokaryotes. [4]

a) Describe the initiation of transcription, focusing on the role of the promoter region and RNA polymerase. [4]

b) During the elongation phase of transcription, how is the RNA strand synthesised, and what ensures its accuracy? [3]

c) Explain the termination of transcription and how it differs between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. [3]

d) Discuss the significance of RNA processing in eukaryotes and how it contributes to gene expression. [4]

a) How does the semiconservative model of DNA replication relate to the process of transcription? [3]

b) Detail the role of different RNA polymerases in eukaryotic transcription and why they are essential. [4]

c) Describe the formation and significance of the transcription bubble during the elongation phase of transcription. [3]

d) Contrast the fate of mRNA post-transcription in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, discussing any processing or modifications. [4]