Which type of RNA is synthesised during transcription?

A. mRNA

B. rRNA

C. tRNA

D. All of the above

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

A. It unwinds the DNA and adds complementary RNA nucleotides

B. It modifies the pre-mRNA

C. It transports mRNA to the ribosome

D. It translates mRNA into a protein

Which stage of transcription involves the formation of the transcription bubble?

A. Initiation

B. Elongation

C. Termination

D. Modification

In which direction does transcription occur on the DNA template strand?

A. 5' to 3'

B. 3' to 5'

C. 5' to 5'

D. 3' to 3'

What is the product of transcription in eukaryotes before modification?

A. mRNA

B. tRNA

C. rRNA

D. pre-mRNA

a) Explain the process of transcription and highlight the different types of RNA synthesised using a DNA template. [4]

b) Describe the role of RNA polymerase in unwinding the DNA and adding complementary RNA nucleotides during transcription. [3]

a) Detail the initiation phase of transcription, discussing the formation of the transcription bubble and the direction of transcription. [4]

b) How does the creation of pre-mRNA in eukaryotes differ from the transcription process in prokaryotes? [3]

a) Describe the elongation phase of transcription and explain how the RNA strand grows during this phase. [3]

b) Discuss the significance of the termination phase in transcription and how it concludes the synthesis of the RNA strand. [4]

a) Explain the significance of the transcription bubble in the synthesis of RNA. [3]

b) How does RNA polymerase ensure the accuracy of the RNA sequence during transcription? [3]

c) Discuss the differences in the transcription process between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. [4]

a) Describe the role of the promoter region in initiating transcription. [3]

b) During elongation, how does the RNA strand grow, and what is the direction of this growth? [3]

c) Explain the importance of the termination sequence in concluding the transcription process. [4]