Which of the following elements is NOT involved in the regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional level?

A. Promoter sequences

B. Enhancers

C. Initiation factors

D. Silencers

In the context of gene expression regulation, what is the primary function of RNA polymerase?

A. Synthesis of mRNA

B. Degradation of mRNA

C. Modification of mRNA

D. Transport of mRNA

Which of the following is a post-transcriptional modification in eukaryotes?

A. Methylation of cytosine bases

B. Addition of a poly-A tail

C. Binding of transcription factors

D. Interaction with enhancers

In prokaryotes, the regulation of the lac operon is an example of:

A. Positive inducible system

B. Negative inducible system

C. Positive repressible system

D. Negative repressible system

Which of the following is NOT a method of gene expression regulation at the post-translational level?

A. Protein folding

B. RNA splicing

C. Protein modification

D. Protein degradation

a) Discuss the role of promoters in gene expression and how they interact with RNA polymerase and transcription factors in eukaryotes. [4]

b) Explain the regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, focusing on RNA processing and RNA stability. [3]

a) Describe the lac operon as an example of gene expression regulation in prokaryotes and explain its function. [4]

b) Discuss the role of transcription factors in regulating gene expression in eukaryotes, providing examples. [3]

a) Explain how gene expression is regulated at the translational level, focusing on the role of initiation factors and codon usage. [3]

b) Discuss the significance of post-translational modifications in regulating gene expression and provide examples of such modifications. [4]

a) Elaborate on the role of enhancers and silencers in the regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional level. [3]

b) Discuss how RNA stability contributes to the regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. [3]

c) Provide a detailed example of a post-translational modification and explain how it regulates gene expression. [4]

a) Describe the structure of tRNA and explain its role in translation. [4]

b) Discuss the initiation stage of translation, highlighting the roles of various translation factors. [3]

c) Explain how the lac operon functions as a model of gene regulation in prokaryotes. [3]

What is the role of silencers in gene expression?

A. They enhance the transcription of a gene.

B. They silence the translation of mRNA.

C. They inhibit the transcription of a gene.

D. They degrade the mRNA transcript.

Which of the following is true regarding the role of transcription factors in eukaryotes?

A. They bind to the promoter region and inhibit RNA polymerase.

B. They bind to enhancers and facilitate the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter.

C. They degrade the mRNA transcript.

D. They modify the mRNA transcript.

In which of the following ways does RNA stability affect gene expression?

A. By altering the DNA sequence

B. By modifying the structure of RNA polymerase

C. By influencing the lifespan of the mRNA molecule

D. By changing the location of transcription initiation

How do initiation factors regulate gene expression at the translational level?

A. By modifying the mRNA transcript

B. By facilitating the assembly of the ribosome on the mRNA

C. By degrading the mRNA transcript

D. By altering the DNA sequence

Which of the following regulatory sequences in DNA interacts directly with RNA polymerase to regulate gene expression?

A. Enhancers

B. Silencers

C. Promoters

D. Introns

a) Outline the process of transcription, including the roles of RNA polymerase and transcription factors. [3]

b) Discuss the significance of codon usage in the regulation of gene expression at the translational level. [3]

c) Give a detailed example of how transcription factors regulate gene expression in eukaryotes. [4]

a) Explain the role of promoters in transcription and how they interact with RNA polymerase. [3]

b) Describe the regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, focusing on RNA processing. [4]

c) Discuss the role of protein degradation in the regulation of gene expression at the post-translational level. [3]

a) Discuss the role of RNA polymerase in transcription, highlighting how it interacts with promoter sequences. [3]

b) Explain the significance of RNA stability in the regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. [3]

c) Describe the process of translation, focusing on the role of tRNA in bringing specific amino acids to the ribosome. [4]

d) Provide a detailed example of how the lac operon regulates gene expression in prokaryotes. [4]

a) Outline the various levels at which gene expression can be regulated, providing a brief description of each. [4]

b) Discuss the role of transcription factors in eukaryotes, providing a detailed example of their function in gene regulation. [4]

c) Explain the significance of codon usage in the regulation of translation and how it affects protein synthesis. [3]

d) Describe the role of protein modifications in regulating gene expression at the post-translational level. [3]

a) Describe the structure and function of tRNA in the process of translation. [4]

b) Explain how enhancers and silencers function in the regulation of transcription. [3]

c) Discuss the role of RNA processing in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. [4]

d) Provide an example of post-translational modification and discuss its significance in regulating protein activity. [3]