Which of the following accurately describes the role of Rosalind Franklin in the elucidation of DNA structure?

A. She proposed the double helix model

B. She discovered the complementary base pairing

C. She produced the X-ray diffraction images that were crucial for the model

D. She identified the three basic components of DNA

What is the significance of the anti-parallel nature of the DNA strands in the double helix model?

A. It allows for complementary base pairing

B. It prevents DNA replication

C. It stabilises the phosphate backbone

D. It facilitates the formation of hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases

Which nitrogenous base forms two hydrogen bonds with its complementary base?

A. Adenine

B. Guanine

C. Cytosine

D. Thymine

What is the role of deoxyribose sugar in a nucleotide?

A. It forms hydrogen bonds with complementary bases

B. It connects the phosphate group to the nitrogenous base

C. It adds stability to the DNA helix

D. It facilitates DNA replication

During DNA replication, which enzyme facilitates the formation of phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides?

A. Helicase

B. DNA polymerase

C. Ligase

D. Topoisomerase

a) Elucidate the three basic components of a nucleotide in DNA and explain how they combine to form a nucleotide. [4]

b) Discuss the significance of complementary base pairing in terms of DNA stability and replication. [3]

a) Describe Watson and Crick's double helix model of DNA, highlighting the anti-parallel nature of the two DNA strands. [4]

b) Explain the implications of Rosalind Franklin's x-ray diffraction images on the development of the double helix model. [3]

a) Define the term "anti-parallel" in the context of DNA structure and explain its significance in DNA replication. [3]

b) Discuss how the polymerisation of nucleotides leads to the formation of a DNA strand. [4]

a) Outline the role of each of the three basic components of a nucleotide in DNA. [3]

b) Explain how the structure of DNA contributes to its function in storing genetic information. [4]

c) Discuss the impact of a mutation that alters the sequence of nitrogenous bases in a DNA strand. [3]

a) Describe the contribution of Rosalind Franklin in the discovery of the DNA double helix structure. [3]

b) Explain the significance of the anti-parallel nature of DNA strands in the process of DNA replication. [4]

c) How does complementary base pairing contribute to the accuracy of DNA replication? [3]

Which of the following statements about the polymerisation of nucleotides is correct?

A. Nucleotides are added to the 3' end of the growing DNA strand

B. Nucleotides are added to the 5' end of the growing DNA strand

C. Polymerization occurs in the 5' to 3' direction of the template strand

D. Polymerization requires RNA primers at the 5' end of the template strand

Which component of a nucleotide carries the genetic information?

A. Phosphate group

B. Deoxyribose sugar

C. Nitrogenous base

D. Hydrogen bond

In the DNA double helix, what type of bond is formed between complementary nitrogenous bases?

A. Ionic bond

B. Covalent bond

C. Hydrogen bond

D. Phosphodiester bond

Which of the following is a purine nitrogenous base?

A. Adenine

B. Cytosine

C. Thymine

D. Uracil

What is the primary function of the phosphate group in a nucleotide?

A. To form hydrogen bonds with complementary bases

B. To connect adjacent nucleotides in a DNA strand

C. To carry genetic information

D. To stabilise the double helix structure

a) Define the term “nucleotide” and describe its structural components. [3]

b) How does the sequence of nucleotides in a DNA strand encode genetic information? [4]

c) Discuss the role of complementary base pairing in the maintenance of DNA stability. [3]

a) Explain the process by which nucleotides polymerise to form a DNA strand. [4]

b) Discuss the significance of Watson and Crick’s double helix model in understanding DNA replication. [3]

c) How do mutations in the sequence of nitrogenous bases affect the structure and function of proteins? [3]

a) Define the term “complementary base pairing” and explain its role in the structure of DNA. [3]

b) Discuss how the discovery of the double helix model of DNA by Watson and Crick was influenced by Rosalind Franklin’s work. [4]

c) Explain the significance of the anti-parallel nature of DNA strands in terms of replication and stability. [4]

d) How can alterations in the sequence of nitrogenous bases in DNA lead to genetic disorders? Provide an example. [4]

a) Describe the three basic components of a nucleotide and how they combine to form the building block of DNA. [4]

b) How does the specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA encode genetic information for the synthesis of proteins? [3]

c) Discuss the implications of the anti-parallel nature of DNA strands for the mechanism of DNA replication. [4]

d) Explain the potential consequences of a mutation that results in a change in the sequence of nitrogenous bases in a gene. [4]

a) Outline the structure of a nucleotide and explain how nucleotides polymerise to form a DNA strand. [4]

b) Discuss the role of complementary base pairing in ensuring the accuracy of DNA replication. [3]

c) How did Rosalind Franklin’s x-ray diffraction images contribute to the development of the double helix model of DNA? [4]

d) What are the implications of mutations in the sequence of nitrogenous bases for the phenotype of an organism? Provide an example. [4]