Which structure in the respiratory system is primarily responsible for gas exchange?

A. Trachea

B. Bronchus

C. Alveoli

D. Larynx

What role does haemoglobin play in oxygen transport?

A. Produces oxygen

B. Binds to oxygen and transports it in the blood

C. Converts oxygen to carbon dioxide

D. Expels oxygen from the body

How does negative pressure breathing facilitate inspiration?

A. By increasing air pressure in the lungs

B. By decreasing air pressure in the lungs

C. By producing oxygen in the lungs

D. By expelling carbon dioxide from the lungs

Which muscles are primarily involved in the process of inspiration?

A. Abdominal muscles

B. Intercostal muscles and diaphragm

C. Pectoral muscles

D. Trapezius muscles

How is most of the carbon dioxide transported in the blood?

A. Bound to hemoglobin

B. Dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions

C. As carbon monoxide

D. Attached to oxygen molecules

a) Describe the structure and function of the alveoli in the respiratory system. [3]

b) Explain how the principles of diffusion apply to gas exchange in the alveoli. [3]

a) Discuss the roles of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles in inspiration and expiration. [4]

b) How does negative pressure breathing facilitate the movement of air into and out of the lungs? [2]

a) Explain the role of haemoglobin in oxygen transport in the blood. [3]

b) Discuss how carbon dioxide is transported in the blood from the body tissues to the lungs. [3]

a) Outline the passage of air from the nasal cavity to the alveoli. [4]

b) How do the structure and function of the respiratory system facilitate gas exchange? [3]

c) Discuss the importance of the diaphragm in the respiratory system. [2]

a) Explain the concept of negative pressure breathing. [3]

b) How do intercostal muscles contribute to this process? [2]

c) Discuss the role of haemoglobin in transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide. [3]

What is the primary function of the trachea in the respiratory system?

A. Gas exchange

B. Producing sound

C. Conducting air to the lungs

D. Filtering air

Which principle of diffusion is essential for gas exchange in the alveoli?

A. Gases move from an area of low concentration to a high concentration

B. Gases move from an area of high concentration to a low concentration

C. Gases do not diffuse across membranes

D. Gases diffuse at the same rate regardless of concentration

What is the role of the diaphragm during expiration?

A. It contracts and flattens

B. It relaxes and curves upwards

C. It moves to the side

D. It does not change position

Which part of the respiratory system filters, warms, and humidifies incoming air?

A. Larynx

B. Nasal cavity

C. Trachea

D. Bronchi

What is the significance of the large surface area of the alveoli in gas exchange?

A. It slows down the diffusion of gases

B. It increases the efficiency of gas exchange

C. It reduces the amount of oxygen entering the blood

D. It prevents carbon dioxide from leaving the blood

a) Discuss the principles of diffusion as they apply to gas exchange in the alveoli. [3]

b) How is carbon dioxide transported in the blood? [3]

c) Explain the role of capillaries in the gas exchange process. [2]

a) Describe the structure and function of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles in respiration. [4]

b) Discuss the role of valves in the respiratory system. [2]

c) How does the structure of the alveoli facilitate gas exchange? [3]

a) Describe the structure and function of alveoli in the lungs. [3]

b) Explain the process of inspiration and the role of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles in it. [3]

c) How does haemoglobin facilitate the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood? [3]

d) Discuss the principles of diffusion and how they are essential for gas exchange in the alveoli. [4]

a) Discuss the role of the respiratory system in maintaining homeostasis. [3]

b) How do the skin and mucous membranes act as the body's first line of defense against pathogens? [3]

c) Explain the concept of negative pressure breathing and its importance in human respiration. [4]

d) Discuss the issue of antibiotic resistance and its implications for treating respiratory infections. [3]

a) Outline the passage of air from the nasal cavity to the alveoli and the changes in pressure that facilitate this movement. [4]

b) Discuss the role of capillaries in facilitating gas exchange in the alveoli. [3]

c) How is carbon dioxide transported in the blood, and why is this process vital for maintaining pH balance in the body? [4]

d) Explain how vaccines work in providing immunity against respiratory diseases. [2]