Which enzyme secreted by the pancreas is responsible for breaking down proteins into amino acids in the small intestine?

A. Amylase

B. Lipase

C. Trypsin

D. Nuclease

What is the primary function of villi and microvilli in the small intestine?

A. Secrete enzymes

B. Increase surface area for absorption

C. Move food along the gut

D. Break down macromolecules

Which of the following processes involves both circular and longitudinal muscle contractions in the small intestine?

A. Ingestion

B. Absorption

C. Peristalsis

D. Egestion

Which organ is responsible for the absorption of water and the formation of faeces?

A. Small intestine

B. Large intestine

C. Stomach

D. Liver

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates into monosaccharides in the small intestine?

A. Amylase

B. Lipase

C. Trypsin

D. Nuclease

a) Explain the role of circular and longitudinal muscle contractions in the small intestine during digestion. [3]

b) Describe how the pancreas contributes to the breakdown of macromolecules in the small intestine. [2]

a) Discuss the adaptations of villi in the small intestine that aid in efficient nutrient absorption. [3]

b) Outline the process of ingestion and how it initiates the digestive process. [2]

a) Describe the structure and function of the pancreas in relation to digestion. [3]

b) Explain how the process of egestion concludes the digestive process. [2]

a) Elaborate on how the structure of the human digestive system facilitates its function. [4]

b) How do enzymes from the pancreas aid in the digestion of lipids? [3]

c) Why is the presence of microvilli on the villi essential for absorption? [2]

a) Discuss the role of the liver in digestion and absorption. [3]

b) How does the process of egestion differ from excretion? [2]

c) Explain the significance of feedback mechanisms in regulating digestive enzymes. [4]

What is the role of the stomach in the process of digestion?

A. Absorption of nutrients

B. Production of bile

C. Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

D. Absorption of water

Which of the following structures in the digestive system is responsible for the production of bile?

A. Liver

B. Gallbladder

C. Pancreas

D. Stomach

Which of the following is NOT absorbed by the villi in the small intestine?

A. Amino acids

B. Monosaccharides

C. Fatty acids and glycerol

D. Undigested food particles

What is the primary function of the circular and longitudinal muscles in the small intestine?

A. Secrete digestive enzymes

B. Absorb nutrients

C. Mix food with enzymes and move it along the gut

D. Produce bile

Which part of the human digestive system is primarily involved in the absorption of water?

A. Stomach

B. Small intestine

C. Large intestine

D. Esophagus

a) Describe the mechanism of action of enzymes in breaking down carbohydrates in the small intestine. [4]

b) How do circular and longitudinal muscle contractions contribute to the mixing of nutrients? [3]

c) Discuss the adaptations of the large intestine in relation to water absorption. [2]

a) Explain the role of insulin and glucagon in regulating blood glucose levels. [4]

b) How are villi in the small intestine adapted for efficient absorption of digested nutrients? [3]

c) Discuss the importance of maintaining a balance between ingestion and egestion in the human body. [2]

a) Outline the process of ingestion and the role of the mouth in this initial stage of digestion. [3]

b) How do the enzymes secreted by the pancreas facilitate the breakdown of proteins? [4]

c) Discuss the adaptations of villi that enhance the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. [3]

d) Explain the importance of maintaining homeostasis in the digestive system through feedback mechanisms. [3]

a) Describe the role of the stomach in the mechanical and chemical digestion of food. [4]

b) How does the structure of the small intestine contribute to its function in absorption? [3]

c) Explain the significance of the liver in processing absorbed nutrients. [3]

d) Discuss the role of leptin in regulating appetite and its effect on the hypothalamus. [3]

a) Explain how circular and longitudinal muscle contractions aid in moving food along the gut and mixing it with enzymes. [3]

b) Discuss the specific roles of insulin and glucagon in the regulation of blood glucose levels. [4]

c) How are the adaptations of the large intestine related to its function in water absorption and egestion? [3]

d) Describe the interaction between the ovaries and the pituitary gland in controlling the menstrual cycle. [3]