1. Communication1.1 Inter-system communication0/01.1.1 Nervous system divisions and physiological control1.1.2 Nervous regulation of heart rate, breathing and temperature1.1.3 Sensory receptors and body responses1.1.4 Hormones and endocrine regulation1.1.5 Exercise-related hormones and blood regulation1.1.6 Reproductive hormones, health and performance1.2 Maintaining homeostasis0/01.2.1 Homeostasis and negative feedback1.2.2 Regulation of blood pH and respiration1.2.3 Heart regulation through intrinsic and extrinsic excitation1.2.4 Thermoregulation and body temperature control1.2.5 Factors affecting thermoregulation1.2.6 Blood glucose regulation during exercise1.2.7 Environmental responses and acclimatization1.3 Transport0/01.3.1 Cardiovascular transport and exercise variables1.3.2 Respiratory gas exchange and ventilation1.3.3 Respiratory responses to activity1. Communication1.1 Inter-system communication0/01.1.1 Nervous system divisions and physiological control1.1.2 Nervous regulation of heart rate, breathing and temperature1.1.3 Sensory receptors and body responses1.1.4 Hormones and endocrine regulation1.1.5 Exercise-related hormones and blood regulation1.1.6 Reproductive hormones, health and performance1.2 Maintaining homeostasis0/01.2.1 Homeostasis and negative feedback1.2.2 Regulation of blood pH and respiration1.2.3 Heart regulation through intrinsic and extrinsic excitation1.2.4 Thermoregulation and body temperature control1.2.5 Factors affecting thermoregulation1.2.6 Blood glucose regulation during exercise1.2.7 Environmental responses and acclimatization1.3 Transport0/01.3.1 Cardiovascular transport and exercise variables1.3.2 Respiratory gas exchange and ventilation1.3.3 Respiratory responses to activity2. Hydration and nutrition2.1 Water and electrolyte balance0/02.1.1 Water and electrolyte intake, loss and regulation2.1.2 Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance2.1.3 Measuring and regulating hydration status2.1.4 Cardiovascular drift during prolonged exercise2.2 Fuelling for health and performance0/02.2.1 Macronutrients as energy sources2.2.2 Macronutrient availability, metabolism and performance2.2.3 Low energy availability and RED-S2.2.4 Micronutrients for oxygen transport and contraction2.2.5 Electrolytes and vitamins in metabolism2.2.6 Gut microbiome, nutrients and performance2.3 Energy systems0/02.3.1 Phosphagen, glycolytic and oxidative systems2.3.2 Energy continuum and exercise intensity2.3.3 Anaerobic ATP production in high-intensity activity2.3.4 VO2 max and endurance performance2.3.5 Lactate inflection point2.3.6 Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption2. Hydration and nutrition2.1 Water and electrolyte balance0/02.1.1 Water and electrolyte intake, loss and regulation2.1.2 Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance2.1.3 Measuring and regulating hydration status2.1.4 Cardiovascular drift during prolonged exercise2.2 Fuelling for health and performance0/02.2.1 Macronutrients as energy sources2.2.2 Macronutrient availability, metabolism and performance2.2.3 Low energy availability and RED-S2.2.4 Micronutrients for oxygen transport and contraction2.2.5 Electrolytes and vitamins in metabolism2.2.6 Gut microbiome, nutrients and performance2.3 Energy systems0/02.3.1 Phosphagen, glycolytic and oxidative systems2.3.2 Energy continuum and exercise intensity2.3.3 Anaerobic ATP production in high-intensity activity2.3.4 VO2 max and endurance performance2.3.5 Lactate inflection point2.3.6 Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption3. ResponsePremium3.1 Qualities of training0/03.1.1 Training principles and programme design3.1.2 Training cycles and adaptive responses3.1.3 Individual considerations in training programmes3.1.4 Overreaching and overtraining3.2 Benefits to health of being active0/03.2.1 Active lifestyles and physical well-being3.2.2 Physical activity, body systems and disease risk3.2.3 Exercise prescription for health and performance3.2.4 Exercise for specific target groups3.3 Fatigue and recovery0/03.3.1 Sources of fatigue in motor and energy pathways3.3.2 Ionic, metabolic and thermal contributors to fatigue3.3.3 Indicators of recovery from exercise3.3.4 Nutritional recovery strategies3.3.5 Recovery techniques and sleep3.3.6 Travel, sleep habits and recovery3. ResponsePremium3.1 Qualities of training0/03.1.1 Training principles and programme design3.1.2 Training cycles and adaptive responses3.1.3 Individual considerations in training programmes3.1.4 Overreaching and overtraining3.2 Benefits to health of being active0/03.2.1 Active lifestyles and physical well-being3.2.2 Physical activity, body systems and disease risk3.2.3 Exercise prescription for health and performance3.2.4 Exercise for specific target groups3.3 Fatigue and recovery0/03.3.1 Sources of fatigue in motor and energy pathways3.3.2 Ionic, metabolic and thermal contributors to fatigue3.3.3 Indicators of recovery from exercise3.3.4 Nutritional recovery strategies3.3.5 Recovery techniques and sleep3.3.6 Travel, sleep habits and recovery4. Generating movement in the bodyPremium4.1 Anatomical position, planes and movement0/04.1.1 Skeleton divisions and positional terminology4.1.2 Movement terms, planes and axes4.1.3 Anthropometry, equipment and ergonomics4.2 Structure and function of connective tissues and joints0/04.2.1 Connective tissues and movement4.2.2 Articulations and synovial joint classes4.3 Muscular function0/04.3.1 Motor units, acetylcholine and ATP4.3.2 Fibre types and recruitment patterns4.3.3 Types of muscular contraction4.3.4 Agonists, antagonists and reciprocal inhibition4.3.5 Sliding filament theory4.4 Levers in movement and sport0/04.4.1 Lever classes and mechanical advantage4.4.2 Internal and external levers in sport4. Generating movement in the bodyPremium4.1 Anatomical position, planes and movement0/04.1.1 Skeleton divisions and positional terminology4.1.2 Movement terms, planes and axes4.1.3 Anthropometry, equipment and ergonomics4.2 Structure and function of connective tissues and joints0/04.2.1 Connective tissues and movement4.2.2 Articulations and synovial joint classes4.3 Muscular function0/04.3.1 Motor units, acetylcholine and ATP4.3.2 Fibre types and recruitment patterns4.3.3 Types of muscular contraction4.3.4 Agonists, antagonists and reciprocal inhibition4.3.5 Sliding filament theory4.4 Levers in movement and sport0/04.4.1 Lever classes and mechanical advantage4.4.2 Internal and external levers in sport5. Forces, motion and movementPremium5.1 Newton's laws of motion0/05.1.1 Describing linear and angular motion5.1.2 Stability, impulse and momentum5.1.3 Angular motion and conserved angular momentum5.1.4 Newtonian calculations and data booklet equations5.1.5 Momentum, impulse and collisions5.1.6 Friction and sports performance5.1.7 Work, energy and power output5.2 Fluid mechanics0/05.2.1 Projectile motion through air5.2.2 Release height, weight and air resistance5.2.3 Environmental effects on external forces5.2.4 Buoyancy, lift, drag and fluid effects5.2.5 Drag manipulation and ethical implications5.3 Movement analysis and its applications0/05.3.1 Phases of movement5.3.2 Movement analysis for performance, health and safety5. Forces, motion and movementPremium5.1 Newton's laws of motion0/05.1.1 Describing linear and angular motion5.1.2 Stability, impulse and momentum5.1.3 Angular motion and conserved angular momentum5.1.4 Newtonian calculations and data booklet equations5.1.5 Momentum, impulse and collisions5.1.6 Friction and sports performance5.1.7 Work, energy and power output5.2 Fluid mechanics0/05.2.1 Projectile motion through air5.2.2 Release height, weight and air resistance5.2.3 Environmental effects on external forces5.2.4 Buoyancy, lift, drag and fluid effects5.2.5 Drag manipulation and ethical implications5.3 Movement analysis and its applications0/05.3.1 Phases of movement5.3.2 Movement analysis for performance, health and safety6. InjuryPremium6.1 Causes of injury0/06.1.1 Internal and external injury risk factors6.1.2 Environmental risk factors and protective equipment6.1.3 Acute and cumulative trauma6.1.4 Types of trauma-related injury6.1.5 Technique-related overuse injuries6.2 Interventions related to injury0/06.2.1 Injury prevention and force absorption6.2.2 Equipment, warm-up and technique interventions6.2.3 Inflammation and early injury treatment6.2.4 Serious injury repair and therapeutic modalities6.2.5 Concussion treatment and staged return6. InjuryPremium6.1 Causes of injury0/06.1.1 Internal and external injury risk factors6.1.2 Environmental risk factors and protective equipment6.1.3 Acute and cumulative trauma6.1.4 Types of trauma-related injury6.1.5 Technique-related overuse injuries6.2 Interventions related to injury0/06.2.1 Injury prevention and force absorption6.2.2 Equipment, warm-up and technique interventions6.2.3 Inflammation and early injury treatment6.2.4 Serious injury repair and therapeutic modalities6.2.5 Concussion treatment and staged return7. Individual differencesPremium7.1 Personality0/07.1.1 Personality traits and assessment7.1.2 The big five personality traits7.1.3 Social learning theory7.1.4 Personality change and sport performance7.2 Mental toughness0/07.2.1 Mental toughness and pressured situations7.2.2 Mental toughness development and assessment7.2.3 Self-fulfilling prophecy and learned helplessness7.2.4 Mental toughness and health outcomes7.2.5 Attribution theory and self-confidence7. Individual differencesPremium7.1 Personality0/07.1.1 Personality traits and assessment7.1.2 The big five personality traits7.1.3 Social learning theory7.1.4 Personality change and sport performance7.2 Mental toughness0/07.2.1 Mental toughness and pressured situations7.2.2 Mental toughness development and assessment7.2.3 Self-fulfilling prophecy and learned helplessness7.2.4 Mental toughness and health outcomes7.2.5 Attribution theory and self-confidence8. Motor learningPremium8.1 Motor learning processes0/08.1.1 Learning, performance and motor learning models8.1.2 Non-linear pedagogy and ecological dynamics8.1.3 Constraints-led skills acquisition8.1.4 Linear pedagogy and schema theory8.1.5 Psychological refractory period and deception8.1.6 Transfer of learning8.2 Attentional control0/08.2.1 Attentional focus and distraction8.2.2 Distractors and attentional narrowing8.2.3 Controlling attention in sport8. Motor learningPremium8.1 Motor learning processes0/08.1.1 Learning, performance and motor learning models8.1.2 Non-linear pedagogy and ecological dynamics8.1.3 Constraints-led skills acquisition8.1.4 Linear pedagogy and schema theory8.1.5 Psychological refractory period and deception8.1.6 Transfer of learning8.2 Attentional control0/08.2.1 Attentional focus and distraction8.2.2 Distractors and attentional narrowing8.2.3 Controlling attention in sport9. MotivationPremium9.1 Achievement motivation0/09.1.1 Need achievement theory9.1.2 Goal orientation theory9.1.3 Ego orientation and perceived ability9.1.4 Ego protection and defensive behaviour9.2 Self-determination0/09.2.1 Psychological needs in self-determination theory9.2.2 Motivation continuum9.2.3 Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation9.2.4 Cognitive evaluation theory and rewards9.2.5 Organismic integration theory9.2.6 Causal orientations and basic psychological needs9.2.7 Goals and relationships in self-determination theory9.3 Motivational climate0/09.3.1 Mastery and ego motivational climates9.3.2 Effects of motivational climate and TARGET9. MotivationPremium9.1 Achievement motivation0/09.1.1 Need achievement theory9.1.2 Goal orientation theory9.1.3 Ego orientation and perceived ability9.1.4 Ego protection and defensive behaviour9.2 Self-determination0/09.2.1 Psychological needs in self-determination theory9.2.2 Motivation continuum9.2.3 Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation9.2.4 Cognitive evaluation theory and rewards9.2.5 Organismic integration theory9.2.6 Causal orientations and basic psychological needs9.2.7 Goals and relationships in self-determination theory9.3 Motivational climate0/09.3.1 Mastery and ego motivational climates9.3.2 Effects of motivational climate and TARGET10. Stress and copingPremium10.1 Arousal and anxiety0/010.1.1 Arousal, activation and performance10.1.2 Individual zone of optimal functioning10.1.3 Anxiety emotions and performance decline10.1.4 Measuring anxiety10.2 Coping0/010.2.1 Stressors and coping categories10.2.2 Problem-focused, emotion-focused and avoidance coping10.2.3 Self-talk and relaxation skills10.2.4 Controllable and uncontrollable stressors10.2.5 Effective athlete coping strategies10.2.6 Adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies10. Stress and copingPremium10.1 Arousal and anxiety0/010.1.1 Arousal, activation and performance10.1.2 Individual zone of optimal functioning10.1.3 Anxiety emotions and performance decline10.1.4 Measuring anxiety10.2 Coping0/010.2.1 Stressors and coping categories10.2.2 Problem-focused, emotion-focused and avoidance coping10.2.3 Self-talk and relaxation skills10.2.4 Controllable and uncontrollable stressors10.2.5 Effective athlete coping strategies10.2.6 Adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies11. Psychological skillsPremium11.1 Goal setting0/011.1.1 Goal setting and motivation11.1.2 Outcome, performance and process goals11.1.3 Goal-setting paradox and adjustment11.1.4 Open and do-your-best goals11.2 Imagery0/011.2.1 Imagery experiences and functions11.2.2 PETTLEP and Paivio imagery frameworks11. Psychological skillsPremium11.1 Goal setting0/011.1.1 Goal setting and motivation11.1.2 Outcome, performance and process goals11.1.3 Goal-setting paradox and adjustment11.1.4 Open and do-your-best goals11.2 Imagery0/011.2.1 Imagery experiences and functions11.2.2 PETTLEP and Paivio imagery frameworks
