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AP Biology

Study Notes

1. Chemistry of Life

1.1 Structure of Water and Hydrogen Bonding

1.2 Elements of Life

1.3 Introduction to Biological Macromolecules

1.4 Properties of Biological Macromolecules

1.5 Structure and Function of Biological Macromolecules

1.6 Nucleic Acids

1.1 Structure of Water and Hydrogen Bonding

1.2 Elements of Life

1.3 Introduction to Biological Macromolecules

1.4 Properties of Biological Macromolecules

1.5 Structure and Function of Biological Macromolecules

1.6 Nucleic Acids

2. Cell Structure and Function

2.1 Cell Structure: Subcellular Components

2.2 Cell Structure and Function

2.4 Plasma Membranes

2.5 Membrane Permeability

2.6 Membrane Transport

2.7 Facilitated Diffusion

2.8 Tonicity and Osmoregulation

2.9 Mechanisms of Transport

2.10 Cell Compartmentalization

2.11 Origins of Cell Compartmentalization

2.1 Cell Structure: Subcellular Components

2.2 Cell Structure and Function

2.4 Plasma Membranes

2.5 Membrane Permeability

2.6 Membrane Transport

2.7 Facilitated Diffusion

2.8 Tonicity and Osmoregulation

2.9 Mechanisms of Transport

2.10 Cell Compartmentalization

2.11 Origins of Cell Compartmentalization

3. Cellular Energetics
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3.1 Enzyme Structure

3.2 Enzyme Catalysis

3.3 Environmental Impacts on Enzyme Function

3.4 Cellular Energy

3.5 Photosynthesis

3.6 Cellular Respiration

3.1 Enzyme Structure

3.2 Enzyme Catalysis

3.3 Environmental Impacts on Enzyme Function

3.4 Cellular Energy

3.5 Photosynthesis

3.6 Cellular Respiration

4. Cell Communication and Cell Cycle
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4.1 Cell Communication

4.2 Introduction to Signal Transduction

4.3 Signal Transduction

4.4 Changes in Signal Transduction Pathways

4.5 Homeostasis & Feedback Loops

4.7 Regulation of Cell Cycle

4.1 Cell Communication

4.2 Introduction to Signal Transduction

4.3 Signal Transduction

4.4 Changes in Signal Transduction Pathways

4.5 Homeostasis & Feedback Loops

4.7 Regulation of Cell Cycle

5. Heredity
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5.2 Meiosis and Genetic Diversity

5.3 Mendelian Genetics

5.4 Non-Mendelian Genetics

5.5 Environmental Effects on Phenotype

5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

5.2 Meiosis and Genetic Diversity

5.3 Mendelian Genetics

5.4 Non-Mendelian Genetics

5.5 Environmental Effects on Phenotype

5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

6. Gene Expression and Regulation
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6.1 DNA and RNA Structure

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6.2 Replication

6.3 Transcription and RNA Processing

6.4 Translation

6.5 Regulation of Gene Expression

6.6 Gene Expression and Cell Specialization

6.8 Biotechnology

6.1 DNA and RNA Structure

6.2 Replication

6.3 Transcription and RNA Processing

6.4 Translation

6.5 Regulation of Gene Expression

6.6 Gene Expression and Cell Specialization

6.8 Biotechnology

7. Natural Selection
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7.1 Introduction to Natural Selection

7.2 Natural Selection

7.3 Artificial Selection

7.4 Population Genetics

7.5 Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

7.6 Evidence of Evolution

7.7 Common Ancestry

7.8 Continuing Evolution

7.10 Speciation

7.11 Extinction

7.12 Variations in Population

7.13 Origin of Life on Earth

7.1 Introduction to Natural Selection

7.2 Natural Selection

7.3 Artificial Selection

7.4 Population Genetics

7.5 Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

7.6 Evidence of Evolution

7.7 Common Ancestry

7.8 Continuing Evolution

7.10 Speciation

7.11 Extinction

7.12 Variations in Population

7.13 Origin of Life on Earth

8. Ecology
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8.1 Responses to the Environment

8.2 Energy Flow Through Ecosystems

8.3 Population Ecology

8.4 Effect of Density of Populations

8.5 Community Ecology

8.6 Biodiversity

8.7 Disruptions to Ecosystems

8.1 Responses to the Environment

8.2 Energy Flow Through Ecosystems

8.3 Population Ecology

8.4 Effect of Density of Populations

8.5 Community Ecology

8.6 Biodiversity

8.7 Disruptions to Ecosystems

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